"Circumcised" and "baptism" are not allusions, they are direct references.Colossians 2:11-12
(11) and in Him you were also circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, in the removal of the body of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ;
(12) having been buried with Him in baptism, in which you were also raised up with Him through faith in the working of God, who raised Him from the dead.
All who have undergone this baptism have been circumcised. Reference is to the spiritual aspect of each. There is an allusion to literal circumcision as well as to literal water baptism, but not a reference to them.
He uses both circumcision and baptism as symbols for putting off the sinful nature, for dying to sin, based on cutting off the flesh (sin) and Jesus' dying on the cross.
Paul uses "flesh" to mean the "sinful nature."
He uses "flesh cut off" in circumcision as a symbol for putting off the old nature (Col 2:11),
corresponding to the symbol of "sin cut off" in baptism (Ro 6:6):
circumcision - a cutting off of the physical flesh (flesh = sin)
baptism - body of sin done away with (on the cross) (Ro 6:1-6), v.6.
The analogy here includes "cutting off" the sinful nature and its "death" by the cross, making it more analogous to dying to sin as Christ died for sin, than to the "true circumcision worshipping in the Spirit.""The circumcision Paul speaks of "is that which is of the heart, by the Spirit" - the baptism with the Holy Spirit.
Romans 2:29
But he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that which is of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter; and his praise is not from men, but from God.
Since Cornelius and the other Gentiles with him were already given the Holy Spirit (Acts 10:44-45) means they were worshiping in the Spirit.
Acts 10:46
For they were hearing them speaking with tongues and exalting God.
Thus, before their water baptism they were already members of the circumcision (i.e., Christians).
Philippians 3:3
for we are the true circumcision, who worship in the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh.
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