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Young Earth/Old Earth

Young Earth or Old Earth

  • Young

    Votes: 19 59.4%
  • Old

    Votes: 11 34.4%
  • Never thought about it

    Votes: 0 0.0%
  • I dont know

    Votes: 1 3.1%
  • Undecided

    Votes: 1 3.1%

  • Total voters
    32
In general, I think Christians today read the OT very poorly and I think it is largely because we are ignorant of its context (literary and cultural). I believe it is really important for us to regain that knowledge so that we can read not only Genesis, but the whole Bible, in the way it was intended.
 
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I can explain much more in depth if needed. But for now here's a good summary article on the subject by an evangelical OT scholar I personally know.

Johnston, Gordon H. "Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian creation myths." BIBLIOTHECA SACRA-DALLAS- 165.658 (2008): 178.

He summarizes the evidence that Genesis 1 is a theological polemic against Egyptian pagan creation myths. The lexical, structural/literary, and thematic/conceptual parallels between Genesis 1 and ancient Egyptian cosmology are too many to be accidental or coincidence. But rather than supporting, Genesis is a direct refutation. It's almost as if the Israelites had been indoctrinated during their 400 years in slavery and God has to undo that and refute that indoctrination.
Thanks for the reference. I found the article interesting - it went into more details than I had read before.
 
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Reactions: TB2
In general, I think Christians today read the OT very poorly and I think it is largely because we are ignorant of its context (literary and cultural). I believe it is really important for us to regain that knowledge so that we can read not only Genesis, but the whole Bible, in the way it was intended.
Agreed. I can't seem to get the links to work for comments but please see the post I just did regarding the meaning of the Adam and Eve account in the "Open invitation " thread under "Creation/Evolution," where I try to do the very thing of which you speak. Please let me know your thoughts on that post when you get the chance. Blessings 😀
 
Ah, I see. Here is where we begin to diverge in our understanding. I assume that you are referring to Exodus 31:17, and Exodus 20:11, right?
No. Actually referring to Genesis 2:1-3 for the conclusion of Genesis 1:1 in context.

Genesis 1:1In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth....

Genesis 2:1Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
 
In general, I think Christians today read the OT very poorly and I think it is largely because we are ignorant of its context (literary and cultural). I believe it is really important for us to regain that knowledge so that we can read not only Genesis, but the whole Bible, in the way it was intended.

Trouble happens when they read it. They are not qualified nor trained to be able to dig into what the Hebrew of the OT is saying.
Translations serve a purpose, but really can not dig deep enough. Believers led of the Spirit will find themselves suffering and fighting off lies till they can reach sound doctrinal teachings. Believers should be taught the OT by a pastor-teacher who is equiped to exegete with integrity.

How many of those good teachers are you going to find?


For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine.
Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great
number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear.
" 2 Tim 4:3

They will be in a small minority. Everyone else will be seeking subjective teachings to make them feel right with themselves, avoiding the need for taking up their cross and the mental transformation God requires of believers. Such transformation must accept the humiliation of discovering how biased and bigoted we are and self righteous about it.

I am not here to win a contest with men.
 
No. Actually referring to Genesis 2:1-3 for the conclusion of Genesis 1:1 in context.

Genesis 1:1In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth....

Genesis 2:1Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.

Okay and thanks for the clarification. What's interesting in Genesis 2:3 is that it emphasizes and contrasts the words translated as "created" and "made" and in Hebrew ( highlighted in red below) the contrasting actions are clear.

וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת-יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי, וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ: כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל-מְלַאכְתּוֹ, אֲשֶׁר-בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת.


"Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made."

- created - בָּרָא (Qal) to shape, fashion, create (always with God as subject) - God is doing the work i.e. speaking into existence
- make - עָשָׂה (Qal) to do work, make, form - produces from what has been made - engineering

It's true.

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." (NKJV) , and in Genesis 1:7, for example we read: "So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. It was so."

Spacetime and matter did not coexist in eternity - it was created. Only after spacetime and matter was spoken into existence, God engineered his creation with His six special creation days.

What's necessary and sufficient is that God created all of spacetime, all matter, including time itself - and that necessarily includes his creative days and everything else He has done prior to his listed creative days as stated above in Genesis 2:3.

_____
.
 
It's important to compartmentalize Scripture and modern science, and see what they each say independent of one another.

Modern science

1. That the earth/universe is billions of years old is established beyond a reasonable doubt.
2. Substantial empirical evidence exists for biological evolution, common ancestry, and macroevolution.
3. We have no geological evidence of a global flood occurring at any time in Earth's history
4. Unlike biological evolution, we have zero evidence for abiogenesis. Our sum total scientific knowledge to date suggests that life *cannot* spontaneously emerge from nonlife via natural processes.

Scripture

1. Scripture seems to teach a young earth.
2. "Day" in Genesis means a regular day. We can tell this from the context, as the alternative doesn't make sense ("and there was evening and morning the first 'long period of time'" Huh?)
3. The biblical Flood is not taught as a global flood, but as a flood of COSMIC proportions way beyond just global; a reversal of the very creation week itself and return to watery chaos before land on Day 3 and separation of waters above and below on Day 2.
4. The Bible does not teach that the fossil record is the result of Noah's Flood and there are good scientific and biblical reasons to think that it isn't.
5. Genesis 1 teaches that on Day 2, God created a solid structural divider ("firmament") to separate the waters above from the waters below. Genesis 1 teaches a prescientific view of the world.
6. The best evidence indicates that Genesis 1 neither contradicts nor supports science, but has little to nothing to do with modern science. The best evidence indicates that Genesis 1 is not a scientific account but a *theological polemic (attack)* against pagan Egyptian creation myths. Genesis 1 actually reads like a step-by-step refutation of Egpytian pagan cosmology. Even many of the creation events are in the same order.
7. Genesis 1 also seems to portray creation as a *cosmic temple* of sorts that God inhabits. (God is present with His creation).
8. Genesis 1 is a wholly unique genre that is a combination of *both* poetry and prose. Some call it "exalted prose."

*There are two basic 'solutions' to the science vs Scripture problem: (1) Concordism. Science and Scripture are in agreement. The problem is this requires twisting science to fit Scripture or Scripture to fit science to get it to work. (2) Accommodationism. God accommodated Himself to humanity. God stoops down to our level. In ancient times they had incorrect prescientific views. Instead of correcting their faulty prescientific views, God communicated timeless theological truth in terms they could understand. While not answering all questions, this seems the best way of maintaining divine inspiration without having to change Scripture to say something that it doesn't say.

Hi TB2.

About concordism

A stipulative definition: The concept that the Bible has to agree with everything provided by our best scientific models.

The stipulated definition above probably sits well with people that have an unbending belief in this particular philosophy. I don't know anyone that adheres to it. In my experience with physicists that are also believers in Jesus and follow him is that they do their best to prevent overreaching into what biblical texts reveal. I am one of those physicists.

I believe that the Bible was written in a way that as understanding is gained through time, then wisdom develops and it provides an even stronger acknowledgement of its Truth and effectively communicates God's deep relationship with those that are made in His image.

"The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom. Though it cost all you have, get understanding.
Cherish her, and she will exalt you; embrace her, and she will honor you.
She will give you a garland to grace your head and present you with a glorious crown.” ( Proverbs 4: 7-9 )

Although an ancient Hebrew wouldn't understand our models about the universe, God was able to communicate effectively to them in a way that they believed. This is true regardless of their knowledge at the time. The bible continues to tell people to get understanding and gain wisdom. It's working out and we can understand what God is communicating to people that lasted thousands of years.

Here is an example of an ancient Hebrew universe:

View attachment 336

In this era, we have a much better grasp of what God was saying and is still saying to those made in His image.

_______
.
 
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Reactions: TB2
Okay and thanks for the clarification. What's interesting in Genesis 2:3 is that it emphasizes and contrasts the words translated as "created" and "made" and in Hebrew ( highlighted in red below) the contrasting actions are clear.

וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת-יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי, וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ: כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל-מְלַאכְתּוֹ, אֲשֶׁר-בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת.

"Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created and made."

- created - בָּרָא (Qal) to shape, fashion, create (always with God as subject) - God is doing the work i.e. speaking into existence
- make - עָשָׂה (Qal) to do work, make, form - produces from what has been made - engineering

It's true.

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." (NKJV) , and in Genesis 1:7, for example we read: "So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. It was so."

Spacetime and matter did not coexist in eternity - it was created. Only after spacetime and matter was spoken into existence, God engineered his creation with His six special creation days.

What's necessary and sufficient is that God created all of spacetime, all matter, including time itself - and that necessarily includes his creative days and everything else He has done prior to his listed creative days as stated above in Genesis 2:3.

_____
.
You probably should consider the ramification that created and made as still assigned to God's actions in Creation as He did make man in His image. below you can see how created and made are the same act of God.

Genesis 1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them
 
Trouble happens when they read it. They are not qualified nor trained to be able to dig into what the Hebrew of the OT is saying.
Translations serve a purpose, but really can not dig deep enough. Believers led of the Spirit will find themselves suffering and fighting off lies till they can reach sound doctrinal teachings. Believers should be taught the OT by a pastor-teacher who is equiped to exegete with integrity.

How many of those good teachers are you going to find?


For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine.
Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great
number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear.
" 2 Tim 4:3

They will be in a small minority. Everyone else will be seeking subjective teachings to make them feel right with themselves, avoiding the need for taking up their cross and the mental transformation God requires of believers. Such transformation must accept the humiliation of discovering how biased and bigoted we are and self righteous about it.

I am not here to win a contest with men.
I think the problems arose when the church became largely Gentile and lost its Jewish/Hebrew heritage. It has been my experience that today many pastor-teachers are well versed in the NT but lack a depth of understanding of the OT. For me, this accounts for a lot of the current misunderstandings/debates that we see. But this is just my opinion/my experience. Happy to hear if others think differently.
 
Hi TB2.

About concordism

A stipulative definition: The concept that the Bible has to agree with everything provided by our best scientific models.

The stipulated definition above probably sits well with people that have an unbending belief in this particular philosophy. I don't know anyone that adheres to it. In my experience with physicists that are also believers in Jesus and follow him is that they do their best to prevent overreaching into what biblical texts reveal. I am one of those physicists.

I believe that the Bible was written in a way that as understanding is gained through time, then wisdom develops and it provides an even stronger acknowledgement of its Truth and effectively communicates God's deep relationship with those that are made in His image.

"The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom. Though it cost all you have, get understanding.
Cherish her, and she will exalt you; embrace her, and she will honor you.
She will give you a garland to grace your head and present you with a glorious crown.” ( Proverbs 4: 7-9 )

Although an ancient Hebrew wouldn't understand our models about the universe, God was able to communicate effectively to them in a way that they believed. This is true regardless of their knowledge at the time. The bible continues to tell people to get understanding and gain wisdom. It's working out and we can understand what God is communicating to people that lasted thousands of years.

Here is an example of an ancient Hebrew universe:

View attachment 336

In this era, we have a much better grasp of what God was saying and is still saying to those made in His image.

_______
.
Thank you for your comments. I think we all mean well, whether supporting concordism or accommodationism. We're all trying to do our best to understand Scripture.

And concordists mean well, too. The problem is the starting assumption of concordists. Like you said, it requires the Bible and science agree. But they don't always agree, so to 'solve' this people rewrite Scripture so it 'fits' with science, but then they've altered Scripture.

It's like your ancient "Hebrew universe" diagram shows about the "solid firmament." Genesis 1 teaches that on Day 2, God created some type of *solid* structural support divider to physically divide the waters above from the waters below. We know this isn't scientifically accurate, so a lot of modern translations gloss over the problem by not bringing the problem to the reader's attention who are none the wiser that Genesis 1 teaches a prescientific conception of the world that saw the "Sky" as a solid structure in which the sun, moon, and stars were affixed.

People say that can't be true, because that would make the Bible wrong about science. But that's not the only way to preserve divine inspiration. It could just simply be what we've been saying all along: God did not mean Genesis to be understood as a modern scientific account.
 
I think the problems arose when the church became largely Gentile and lost its Jewish/Hebrew heritage. It has been my experience that today many pastor-teachers are well versed in the NT but lack a depth of understanding of the OT. For me, this accounts for a lot of the current misunderstandings/debates that we see. But this is just my opinion/my experience. Happy to hear if others think differently.

Considering that 99% of the authors of the OT, and NT, were Jews? I tend to believe what you said.

Yet? Some of the very best astute students I have come across that teach the OT?
Most of them are Gentile stock. Its the Holy Spirit doing the work whenever excellent teachings are expounded.
 
You probably should consider the ramification that created and made as still assigned to God's actions in Creation as He did make man in His image. below you can see how created and made are the same act of God.

Genesis 1:26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

good response :cool: -

With the verb עָשָׂה (asa = make) in the third person Qal imperfect form, it takes on the meaning of "producing" similar to producing an ark of gopher wood (Genesis 6:14). The material was available. Here the word bara ( בָּרָא ) is not used here since man was produced from the dust of the earth.

27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them

...and in the very next passage the word bara is used to convey the creation of something new because man was created in His own image. Similar to to Genesis 1:1, the completed attributes of a new creation were evident.

Adam was different from any other creature indeed.

View attachment 337

___
.
 
good response :cool: -

With the verb עָשָׂה (asa = make) in the third person Qal imperfect form, it takes on the meaning of "producing" similar to producing an ark of gopher wood (Genesis 6:14). The material was available. Here the word bara ( בָּרָא ) is not used here since man was produced from the dust of the earth.



...and in the very next passage the word bara is used to convey the creation of something new because man was created in His own image. Similar to to Genesis 1:1, the completed attributes of a new creation were evident.

Adam was different from any other creature indeed.



God also created all the animal souls "bara." Genesis 1:21


Then Elohiym/Godhead created out of nothing {bara'}
'giant whales'/'great sea monsters' {water mammals}
{'old whales'-extinct today; whale bone (blue) whales; tooth
whales - sperm whales, porpoises, dolphins, etc.},
and every living creature moving,
with which the waters abounded/swarmed
according to their own species,
and every bird with wings according to their own species.
And Elohiym/Godhead saw that it was good.


The difference? Its the soul of man that was created out from nothing ("bara") in His image (shadow image).

In contrast to man, animal souls were not created in His image.

In Genesis 2 we see both animal bodies and the body of Adam being out from the earth.
What makes man above the animals is his soul. A soul created in God's image.
Animal souls are generic and were not created for eternal life.

It also explains why the physical attributes and man can share a similar biological schematic, yet operate on two different levels
of mentality. Its all about the souls they have been given.


grace and peace ......
 
Hi Binyawmene -

How does progressive creationism compare to other forms of creationism?

______
.
If I may interject my two cents, speaking as a paleontologist. I think these are fair statements:

1. Scripture does not teach progressive creationism (i.e., a series of separate, independent creation events with intervening extinctions of organisms in between).

2. Progressive creationism is the only type of creationism that could be supported by the fossil record.

#1 is only a problem if Genesis 1 was intended to be a modern scientific account (i.e., if concordist assumptions are correct)
 
Hi Binyawmene -

How does progressive creationism compare to other forms of creationism?

______
.

Hi Inertia. It's been many years since we had a discussion. Do you mean like instantaneous versus progressive?

Old Earth is a position that the word day is a "long period of time," which each exclusive days in Genesis contains informational gaps and the account doesn't give us a full description of what actually happen. And the study of general revelation or the record of nature can be explained of what happen during these gaps. It would seem like Genesis creation account on the fifth day was an anachronism language style. Or an error in chronology by misplacing birds instead of mentioning dinosaurs first. After all, we would have observed "birds" flying in the air and not "dinosaurs" roaming the earth. Some suggest that Genesis is written from the perspective of human observer of their time era or maybe not, just informational gaps.

Example, if all you had was Genesis chapter one, then we would assume that fully grown birds suddenly appeared out of thin air (Genesis 1:20-23). Or could there be informational gaps? Because in chapter two provides an additional information that birds was formed from the ground (Genesis 2:19). Also, we would assume, that Adam and Eve were created instantaneously together in the same moment of time (Genesis 1:27). Except there was a time interval between Adam and Eve (Genesis 2:7, 21-22). God created them separately at different times.​

Progressive creationism is a doctrinal position that teaches God is the creator and eye-witness of his creation (Genesis 1:2, Proverbs 8:27-29, Job 38:4-6). And what he spoke progressively continues on its own until it reaches its extinction or destruction, then God creates again. Like what you see in Genesis 1:2, the frame of reference is the earth's surface being formless (without structure) and void (without life), or in other words, desolate and undistinguishable ruin. Why? Its a description of the earth's planetary formation during the end of its phase, when a mars-like object made collision to earth, sending enormous amount of debris into the atmosphere and the debris orbit around the earth for millions of years until it collected together resulting into our moon. At that time the earth's condition would cause a water-world under a dark blanket.

And God begin to create the six long period of time days, "Let there be light." During his creating of those six days the earth has received many catastrophic events, like meteorites, volcanic eurptions, and earthquakes, etc. The Genesis 1 doesn't mention all of this occurring since there is informational gaps in the creation days. We known about this by studying the record of nature. But these catastrophic events caused the vegetations on the land to come to ruin and dinosaurs coming to their extinction. "When you hide your face, they are terrified; when you take away their breath, they die and return to the dust." (Psalms 104:29). Then the Spirit of God will continuously create again and again progressively. Either with same-old related created type or with a beand-new unrelated created kind. "When you send your Spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the ground." (Psalms 104:30).

Example, the dinosaurs are not mention in the Bible and that the dinosaurs were created, more than likely, on the fifth day since there is informational gaps. So you have God who created the dinosaurs to roam the earth during the triassic period. And there was a catastrophic event taken place on earth and a massive extinction of dinosaurs occurred. And maybe there was a few surviving dinosaurs that remained. Then you have God create again with a related type of dinosaurs in the jurassic period. There was another catastrophic event and a massive extinction with a few survivors. And obviously in the cretaceous period, you have God who creates a related type of dinosaurs. There was another catastrophic event that wiped out the dinosaurs totally and completely on a massive extinction level.

However, this time God creates the bird-kind totally brand-new and unrelated to the dinosaurs-types. Unless you are an evolutionist, then the remaining surviving dinosaurs evolved into birds. Or the crocodiles existed among the theropods, etc. This is progressive creationism from ruin to restoration after the catastrophic event. Now the fifth day account reaches the familiar recognized category of bird-kind. But when it came to the birds there was a new biological order "after their own kind," which is commonly known as microevolution (bird explosion, fish explosion, and mammal explosion, etc.).​
 
Why do we find different periods in the prehistoric creation?

Were they caused by evolution as some assume?

Or, were they God's prehistoric Dispensations?

Different periods, each designed by God for angels to learn and keep advancing in their function?

As the fossil record reveals... God created a very basic lifeform at first.
That kind of basic life allowed the angels develop their skills like we do in kindergarten.

Then God kept progressing to more complex lifeforms by creating more advanced creations, like we change to higher grades in school.

Learning Divine viewpoint holds the key. Man's speculations only try to pick the lock.

grace and peace .............
 
In general, I think Christians today read the OT very poorly and I think it is largely because we are ignorant of its context (literary and cultural). I believe it is really important for us to regain that knowledge so that we can read not only Genesis, but the whole Bible, in the way it was intended.

And then in the area of prophecy, the NT use of the OT is mostly misunderstood.
 
Hi Inertia. It's been many years since we had a discussion. Do you mean like instantaneous versus progressive?

Indeed -yes, it's been a while. My understanding about God speaking the universe into existence in Genesis 1:1 focuses more on the Hebrew language textual meaning of this single sentence instead of understanding it from a "good English" rendering as a summary statement prior to "day" one. You might remember my graphic depicting the difference on how an initial understanding of an opening sentence can make or break comprehension about the the context of the first chapter.

A while back Richard Deem had an excellent table explaining the differences between creation beliefs in his God and Science webpage. Apparently, it's undergoing construction now. He is a Reasons to Believe apologist.

Old Earth is a position that the word day is a "long period of time," which each exclusive days in Genesis contains informational gaps and the account doesn't give us a full description of what actually happen. And the study of general revelation or the record of nature can be explained of what happen during these gaps. It would seem like Genesis creation account on the fifth day was an anachronism language style. Or an error in chronology by misplacing birds instead of mentioning dinosaurs first. After all, we would have observed "birds" flying in the air and not "dinosaurs" roaming the earth. Some suggest that Genesis is written from the perspective of human observer of their time era or maybe not, just informational gaps.

Example, if all you had was Genesis chapter one, then we would assume that fully grown birds suddenly appeared out of thin air (Genesis 1:20-23). Or could there be informational gaps? Because in chapter two provides an additional information that birds was formed from the ground (Genesis 2:19). Also, we would assume, that Adam and Eve were created instantaneously together in the same moment of time (Genesis 1:27). Except there was a time interval between Adam and Eve (Genesis 2:7, 21-22). God created them separately at different times.​

It's true that the Bible does not provide any temporal information about how much time elapsed between the successive days.

Progressive creationism is a doctrinal position that teaches God is the creator and eye-witness of his creation (Genesis 1:2, Proverbs 8:27-29, Job 38:4-6). And what he spoke progressively continues on its own until it reaches its extinction or destruction, then God creates again. Like what you see in Genesis 1:2, the frame of reference is the earth's surface being formless (without structure) and void (without life), or in other words, desolate and undistinguishable ruin. Why? Its a description of the earth's planetary formation during the end of its phase, when a mars-like object made collision to earth, sending enormous amount of debris into the atmosphere and the debris orbit around the earth for millions of years until it collected together resulting into our moon. At that time the earth's condition would cause a water-world under a dark blanket.

...and there is scientific evidence that there was a time when planet Earth had no continents with only deep water on its entire surface. Certainly uninhabitable for humans. ( Genesis 1:2 is correct! )

And God begin to create the six long period of time days, "Let there be light." During his creating of those six days the earth has received many catastrophic events, like meteorites, volcanic eurptions, and earthquakes, etc. The Genesis 1 doesn't mention all of this occurring since there is informational gaps in the creation days.

I'm reminded of a particular meteor impact that occured not too long ago in geologic timescales.



We known about this by studying the record of nature. But these catastrophic events caused the vegetations on the land to come to ruin and dinosaurs coming to their extinction. "When you hide your face, they are terrified; when you take away their breath, they die and return to the dust." (Psalms 104:29). Then the Spirit of God will continuously create again and again progressively. Either with same-old related created type or with a beand-new unrelated created kind. "When you send your Spirit, they are created, and you renew the face of the ground." (Psalms 104:30).

Example, the dinosaurs are not mention in the Bible and that the dinosaurs were created, more than likely, on the fifth day since there is informational gaps. So you have God who created the dinosaurs to roam the earth during the triassic period. And there was a catastrophic event taken place on earth and a massive extinction of dinosaurs occurred. And maybe there was a few surviving dinosaurs that remained. Then you have God create again with a related type of dinosaurs in the jurassic period. There was another catastrophic event and a massive extinction with a few survivors. And obviously in the cretaceous period, you have God who creates a related type of dinosaurs. There was another catastrophic event that wiped out the dinosaurs totally and completely on a massive extinction level.​
However, this time God creates the bird-kind totally brand-new and unrelated to the dinosaurs-types. Unless you are an evolutionist, then the remaining surviving dinosaurs evolved into birds. Or the crocodiles existed among the theropods, etc. This is progressive creationism from ruin to restoration after the catastrophic event. Now the fifth day account reaches the familiar recognized category of bird-kind. But when it came to the birds there was a new biological order "after their own kind," which is commonly known as microevolution (bird explosion, fish explosion, and mammal explosion, etc.).​

Wow! There is a lot of meat to chew on here.

Thanks for the introduction.

______
.
 
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