So, if they said that the orthodox belief of the 1st/2nd century, since that is when they were alive, was a physical kingdom in Israel, then were they error-filled? I mean, Polycarp (disciple of the apostle John), Papias and Irenaeus (disciples of Polycarp) were premillennialists who believed in said physical kingdom. And, even worse, they held in a view of Israel that was almost on par with dispensational premillennialism. (Which even Eusebius pointed out, and he didn't like it.) [Ecclesiastical History of the Church] I read some of it some time ago. And I am not sure how any information we have rises above having the apostles themselves, or having access to their disciples? Justin Martyr was born before John the apostle died. He is the one who said that the orthodox belief, presumably passed on by the apostles before they died, was a physical kingdom in Jerusalem.
Except that that is completely false given the gospels:
Luke 23 "50 And a man named Joseph, who was a member of the Council, a good and righteous man 51 (he had not consented to their plan and action),
a man from Arimathea, a city of the Jews, who was waiting for the kingdom of God— 52 this man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. 53 And he took it down and wrapped it in a linen cloth, and laid Him in a tomb cut into the rock, where no one had ever lain. 54
It was a [aa]preparation day, and a Sabbath was about to [ab]begin. 55 Now the women who had come with Him from Galilee followed, and they saw the tomb and how His body was laid. 56 And
then they returned and prepared spices and perfumes."
Jesus was buried on the same day He was crucified. The preparation day that it was, is Friday. Day 1. The Sabbath is Saturday. Day 2.
Luke 24 "But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they came to the tomb bringing the spices which they had prepared. 2 And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb, 3 but when they entered, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus."
First day of the week, Sunday. Day 3.
Matthew 27: "62 Now on the
next day,
that is, the day which is after the preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered together with Pilate, 63 and they said, “Sir, we remember that when that deceiver was still alive, He said, ‘
After three days I am rising.’ 64 Therefore, give orders for the tomb to be made secure
until the third day; otherwise, His disciples may come and steal Him, and say to the people, ‘He has risen from the dead,’ and the last deception will be worse than the first.” 65 Pilate said to them, “You have a guard; go, make it
as secure as you know how.” 66 And they went and made the tomb secure with the guard, sealing the stone."
What was the sign that Jesus gave for who He was? No sign
except the sign of Jonah, who on the third day was vomited back on land by the big fish.
Jesus was crucified on the day of preparation, and rose again on the first day of the week. Friday is the day of preparation, where food for the Sabbath is cooked, and anything else that needed to be completed prior to the Sabbath is completed. Jesus had to be removed from the cross prior to sun down, as that would be the beginning of the Sabbath, and it would not be permitted for any work, to include burying someone, is to be done. The day after preparation is the Sabbath, so that is when Pilate gave the priests a guard. Being as they were Romans, and not Jews, they were not bound to follow the rules of the Sabbath.