Several points here are incorrect. The NT is essentially the correction from thinking there are 2 programs/peoples and is the presentation of one.
There have always been two groups of people in the world since the Garden:
The seed of the woman (believers) and the seed of the serpent (unbelievers.)
The Covenant of Abraham and those outside the Covenant of Abraham.
"THEM" (in John 17) and the world (from whom "THEM" are taken out of.)
In the analogy, the olive tree is all believers, if you go back and read ch 9 clearly about the other Israel and "us" (proven by 4 OT quotes). A person 'stands' by faith.
There are two races involved. The "Jewish" race which begun with Abraham (using "Jew" which comes from Judah still future to describe Covenant), and Gentiles.
The Olive tree is Israel. The wild olive tree are Gentiles who are saved.
17 And if some of the branches be broken off (Israel), and thou, being a wild olive tree (Gentile), wert graffed in among them, and with them
partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree; Rom. 11:17.
Through Abraham all families will be blessed but don't forget from whom and through whom the blessings derive - Abraham, and don't forget that the
wild olive tree is grafted into the Olive tree and partakes of the blessings of the Olive tree. So, we come back in circle to Abraham and Israel.
There are no NT passages with a clear Judaic phase to them for the future. I Cor 15, Rom 8, 2 Peter 3, Heb 9, even Rom 11 is not essentially about the future as though something major were missing from the present. The conclusive 'God has bound all over to sin, to have mercy on them all' is the one program. Always has been.
Israel was not "bound over to sin" when they had the yearly Atonement and the Laws of God.
The Gentiles were the ones bound over in sin for they were outside the Covenant of God for thousands of years. Even now.
Is 42:6. The term used identifies the two; he is also its mediator.
6 I the LORD have called thee in righteousness,
And will hold thine hand, and will keep thee,
And give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles;
Is 42:6.
The Covenant is with Israel. THEY are a light of the Gentiles (to see.)
The Jewishness of Jesus is not in doubt; that's what he meant in Jn 4, himself. He did not mean the race. There is nothing in the NT that has attention "back" to the race-nation after the age of the Gentiles. If you are familiar with Enoch's 10 weeks, it is not there either.
When the Times of the Gentiles is complete God will turn His attention BACK to Israel to complete His Promises, He made to them. The Times of the Gentiles are only an off-ramp. The highway is Israel, and God will soon take an on-ramp back to His people.
Dispensationalism sounds simple but its 2 program/2 peoples is the most destructive thing out there, when trying to know the NT.
There are two peoples. Believing "Jews" and Gentiles (in which right now the "Jews" are a minority), and the "Jews" and Gentiles that are unbelieving.