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It is BECAUSE of Christ that people have eternal life.
Yes. But only those IN Him through faith have eternal life.
Who's to say how that works? We have to go by what we know. By what He does tell us. The discussion of Heb 11 is on faith, and the faith of those who lived before the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. So what is that faith? It is a trust in and allegiance to, and obedience to God, not by rote, but by knowing HIm. The faith of Abraham was credited to him as righteousness. He believed God. And God did not become triune with the incarnation. The Son was always God. The ESV words it "And through his faith (Abel), though he died, he still speaks." All this in the Heb 11 commending the faith of the OT saints, belonged to those in covenant with God.Think of Abel, he is not in Christ, but it is because of Christ`s sacrifice 4,000 years later that God was able to `obtain witness that he was righteous. ` (Heb. 11: 4)
The purpose of Christ's coming was to fulfill the old covenant and bring in the new covenant, which is not for Israel alone as the old was, but for all nations, and tribes, and tongues, and peoples. In the old the people could come to God through the priests and sacrifices. Now the way to God is through and in Christ and His sacrifice. Still through faith.
See above. The Son was always there and is God. What changed is the way to be reconciled to Him, that it might go to all nations, not just Israel. What was shadowed in Israel and before, and through whom He came. Now, in the new covenant after Jesus' fulfilling the old, the way is through faith in His person and work and it is available to all nations.Then there is Noah, who `became the heir of righteousness which is according to faith, ` (Heb. 11: 7) because he obeyed what God told Him (building the ark).
Abraham by faith obeyed God for he was told and looked for a city which had foundations, whose builder and maker was God. ` (Heb. 11: 10)
Rahab, the prostitute did not perish with those who did not believe, when she received the spies with peace. ` (Heb. 11: 31)
And so many more who never heard of Jesus, (because He was not yet manifest) and they were never able to partake of the divine nature when Jesus sent His Holy Spirit to His Body. All those OT saints were not `predestined in Christ.` They were made righteous because by faith they believed what God told them to do. (Heb. 11: 32 - 38)
Salvation unto eternal life has always been through faith in God.