The time of reformation is the time of Christ not Luther?
Christ reformed the old covenant into the new so there must be many similarities.
what authority was there to even have a so-called reformation?
Scripture, first of all. There are multiple places where scripture directs the confrontation of wrongdoers, the expulsion of false teachers, and the exclusion those refusing correction. Second, the immoral and thoroughly unscriptural practices of leaders combined with their abject failure to submit to scripture and consider their own wrongdoing empowers others to replace them, their abhorrent teachings, and the aberrant practices.
The Church was reformed at Pentecost. The Church also initiated reforms based on the influence of others when Paul was brought to the council in Jerusalem (Acts 15). The Church again initiated reforms as the gospel entered into Gentile territory and persecution moved from the Jews to the Romans. As someone else noted Paul confronted Peter for Peter's hypocritical double standards and thereby reformed Peter's practices and those of the congregations he oversaw. Compare what the council in Acts 15 said to Paul before sending him to minister to the Gentiles with what Paul instructed in his epistles on those same subjects. Doctrines and practices changed.
Despite assertions to the contrary, it does appear James was the head of the Jerusalem council and not Peter. Peter left Jerusalem and eventually made his way to Rome. He was not among the Jerusalem leadership, and he most certainly was not the first Pope (despite teachings asserting otherwise).
In fact, the early history of the Church is one of considerable diversity that was addressed solely through vigorous and prayerful debate during a time when the structures of the modern Roman Catholic Church did not yet exist. Many priests were married and many kept concubines. Augustine was one of the latter and it was primarily through his
personal beliefs (not doctrine or dogma) that the abstinent priesthood was even considered. Clerical prohibitions against marriage did not become formal practice until almost 700 years after Augustine! Pope Adrian VI sought to reform the doctrines, practices, and excesses of his predecessors, Alexander VI, Julius II, Pius III and Leo X , but his service was short-lived (less than 2 years). He attempted to prevent the Protestant Reformation by initiating in-house
reforms. After the Protestant Reformation the RCC began to make reforms of its own, including the institutionalization of a seminary system to unify teaching, a return to a focus on spirituality in religious life that emphasized a personal life with Christ, and the codification of the Mass. Sadly, it also included the inquisition.
There are at least two dozen religious Orders within the RCC. For all intents and purposes these are comparable to Protestant denominations. While it is true these Orders do submit to the authority of the Pope and Magisterium, they have their own leaders, their own philosophies, and their own practices. There are significant differences between the Benedictines (who institutionalized and emphasized monastic life), the Jesuits (who were founded specifically for the purpose of reform) and the Franciscans (ascetics whole practice austerity and own nothing). Each Order (or sect) sought to address a real or perceived problem and did so with the acceptance of the Pope.
None of those reforms would have been necessary if they were a true Church. None of them would have been necessary had they attained the truth from the beginning and practiced. Therefore, all those real and rhetorical questions about truth being absolute and never needing reform prove either false or self-indicting.
There were real problems within the (RCC) Church that prompted the Protestant Reformation and they are not being discussed in this thread. Many reforms made in the Reformation were returns to precepts found in scripture. Many were not. All of the early Reformers were Catholic and, as a consequence, many of the RCC practices continued within Protestantism for a long time. Baptism being salvific was one of them. The doctrines associated with water baptism were eventually reformed with Protestantism, as were other thoughts, doctrines, and practices. While that was happening the RCC continued to make reforms within itself. They (the RCC) knew it was wrong to sell forgiveness for profit. A simple Google search of "worst popes in history" readily shows corruption within the RCC - not because a few Popes were bad men behaving badly, but because the entire Roman Catholic leadership tolerated them.
1 Corinthians 5:1-13
It is actually reported that there is immorality among you, and immorality of such a kind as does not exist even among the Gentiles, that someone has his father's wife. You have become arrogant and have not mourned instead, so that the one who had done this deed would be removed from your midst..................... I wrote to you not to associate with any so-called brother if he is an immoral person, or covetous, or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or a swindler—not even to eat with such a one. For what have I to do with judging outsiders? Do you not judge those who are within the church? But those who are outside, God judges. Remove the wicked man from among yourselves.
The Church has always needed reform and frequently done so.
What authority was there to even have a so-called reformation?
God.
Deuteronomy 17:7
So you must purge the evil from among you.
Deuteronomy 17:12
So you must purge the evil from among you.
Deuteronomy 21:21
So you must purge the evil from among you.
Deuteronomy 22:21
So you must purge the evil from among you.
Maybe I have my Church history incorrect. Was there ever a Pope who was removed from office because of his immoral conduct? Let me know.