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The believer is identified with Christ in his death and resurrection because he is standing in their place, bearing the penalty of their sin on his own body and facing their death. Because he had no sin of his own, he is raised again to life with a glorified body. This is the same thing that will happen for the believer. Jesus is the first fruits of the resurrection of the dead. Paul discusses this in great detail in 1 Cor 15, the whole chapter, and I strongly suggest that you read it.In what sense did "Jesus took my (and our) place". We still suffer and die.
In Romans 8 we learn that there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ. Which begins with the word "therefore" so the therefore of the previous chapters should be also considered.
By bearing upon himself what we deserved and he did not deserve (substitute) he not only made a way for mercy, but he conquered sin and death. This conquering is crucial to the entire redemption and is meaningless without it. Our flesh will still die unless we are still alive when he returns, but because of our position before God as justified through faith in Christ, the grave can no more hold the believer than it could hold our Redeemer. That is how closely the believer is in union with Christ. It is a right now/ not yet situation, while the Shepherd is gathering all his sheep to himself through the preaching of the gospel.
No. That is not what substitution means.Did God really consider Jesus to be a sinner?
Yes, but it was against sin, not Jesus. That is why Jesus came. A creature does not have enough of anything to conquer sin and death. It is the body of Jesus, in the likeness of sinful humanity, that dies in our place, and rises again as the first fruits of the resurrection. Jesus did not come only to redeem. He came to conquer, and conquer he did.Did God expend the wrath, that He has against sin, upon Jesus?
You are right in saying it does not fit. It is a completely humanistic view of God and redemption. But then, one would expect no less from a teaching that says the Savior is a creature.Perhaps the following may not fit, but an example of substitution is if we had a school class of say 30 students. A particular rebel in the class threw something at the teacher when the teacher turned his back to write something on the blackboard. The teacher turned and picked on the nicest child in the class, and demands he come forward, and gives him six stokes of the cane. The teacher then proclaims: "Justice has been done".