Is human volition a secondary cause? Or, worded differently, does human volition contain any causality? Is causality an attribute of human volition?
Of course it is! Human volition sits smack dab between antecedent causes and its own effects. "Is causality an attribute of human volition?" Lol, what does that even mean?
You just contradicted yourself. It's not logically possible to affirm something not understood. The Oxford Dictionary definition of "
attribute" is: "
a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something." So our (Rev's and my) earlier point is that human volition possesses the attribute of causality; causality is an inherent quality or feature of human volition.
That attribute is seriously compromised by sin such that the causality of the corruptible-but-not-yet-corrupted human will is different from the sin-corrupted will, and both are different from the will of the person regenerate and indwelt.
Soteriologically speaking, the chief difference is the inability of the sinner, the sinfully-corrupted human to effect his or her own salvation volitionally. S/he has lost that causality, that causal attribute to their volition. There was a time when God walked with humans and they had complete liberty to eat from the tree of life (which is Jesus). Sin changed and prevented that, eradicating that attribute of volition, making worthless and impotent any and all effort to work toward that goal. Only God could change that condition, and he did, through His Son Jesus the resurrection and the life. Salvation is monergistic. Having been restored to some greater degree of volitional agency the saved become capable of good works (in the already-saved stated,
only in the already-saved state).
Could you not similarly ask if causality is not an attribute of just about any effect-become-cause?
No because we are discussing volitional
agency, causal
agency, not the merely physical cause-and-effect of inanimate objects moving through time and space. The ground does not decide whether or not to be unyielding when someone jumps off a skyscraper.
But there's no implication that just because it does cause, and is itself a 'second cause', and is itself, unlike most other causes, a willed cause, that it is not also an effect of many other causes, and that, in EVERY particular.
1) Think it through and 2) intermediate causes are what the WCF calls "
secondary" causes and as we have often discussed previously and
@ReverendRV had here emphasized..... they have
liberty and contingency correlated with that liberty. It is not a liberty-less contingency, a liberty-less secondary cause. That is not an "implication," it is a openly stated, bluntly, directly, overtly stated assertion in the WCF.
We have centuries of empirical research demonstrating 1) the ability to "program" humans so their will is overcome AND 2a) the inability to program humans so their will is overcome, such that 2b) no matter what is brought to bear on a single moment of decisions humans possess the ability to rebel and do something different, something opposite, something dynamic......
especially if they are aware of what would otherwise be predicate causes. It really irritates strictly behavioral psychologists to no end


.
Part of the problem with the doctrine of salvation is too many think volition is relevant. It's not!
This is also true of Christology. Framing Jesus' obedience in terms of volition and behavior (teleology) instead of his inherent nature (ontology) is a huge mistake. There's never been a point in Jesus' existence when he ever paused for even a fraction of a nanosecond and asked himself, "
What do I want? Do I want to do what my Father asked (or commended)?" That's just dumb and reveals an appalling ignorance. When we get raised to be incorruptible and immortal we won't be automatons. We will be
creatures,
created creatures, with a completely different ontology; one where "Hmmm.... should I......?" is never thought, never considered, never asked because any condition prompting the inquiry has ceased to exist. Much of what I have described here appears to be unique to humans. The angels do not appear to have the volitional agency humans have in any of the three states I mentioned.
Regardless, on this side of the grave - for both humans and angels - disobedience is always lethal and compliant (it serves only God's purpose). Only in Christ is there any alternative and the angels do not have that option. Salvation is provided solely for those bearing God's image...... and God never stops and asks, "Hey, would you like to be saved from the sin that enslaves you and will result in your destruction?" If that were the case 1) we'd find that stated in scripture, 2) there'd be a lot more visibly/audibly saved, 3) and the question "
Am I saved?" would never (rationally) be asked.
Synergism has mucked all of this up one way or another.