SoteriologyA1
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At the core of every argument against Godâs absolute sovereignty is a hidden dualismâthe assumption that when something happens, it must be caused by either God or Will, but never both. This is the fundamental presupposition behind every non-Calvinist framework:
God is a cause "out of nothing"âHe determines things, but only to a certain limit.
Will is a cause "out of nothing"âit determines things independently of God, even determining creature's character, preferences, and choices.
This sets up a dualistic system where God controls some things, and Will controls others. Will isnât just human decision-making within Godâs decreeâitâs a separate, ultimate force that dictates what a person is and does. Will is, in effect, a second god.
So when we say God determines all things, they assume this means we are removing Will from the equation. And because their framework only allows for one ultimate force at a time, they conclude:
âIf God determines everything, then Will no longer exists.â
âIf Will is not the ultimate puppeteer, then God must be the puppeteer instead.â
Thatâs why they cry ârobot!â and âpuppet!ââbecause in their system, some thing has to be in the ultimate position of control. And ironically, they are perfectly fine with Will filling that role. They just object when itâs God.
But hereâs the problem: If Will determines itself, unbound by nature, reasoning, or circumstances, then it is pure causeless self-determinationâexactly what they accuse Calvinists of when we say God alone determines all things.
At the end of the day, their problem isnât Calvinism. Itâs their own dualistic framework. They assume a world where God and Will are co-determiners of historyâtwo ultimate causes competing for control. But if that were true, then God wouldnât be GodâHeâd just be another force within creation.
Thatâs why their system collapses when confronted with the truth that God alone is ultimate (Ephesians 1:11).
Everythingâincluding human choicesâflows from His decree, not from an independent force called Will. There is no second god. There is no co-determiner. There is only the one true God working all things for His glory.


This sets up a dualistic system where God controls some things, and Will controls others. Will isnât just human decision-making within Godâs decreeâitâs a separate, ultimate force that dictates what a person is and does. Will is, in effect, a second god.
So when we say God determines all things, they assume this means we are removing Will from the equation. And because their framework only allows for one ultimate force at a time, they conclude:


Thatâs why they cry ârobot!â and âpuppet!ââbecause in their system, some thing has to be in the ultimate position of control. And ironically, they are perfectly fine with Will filling that role. They just object when itâs God.
But hereâs the problem: If Will determines itself, unbound by nature, reasoning, or circumstances, then it is pure causeless self-determinationâexactly what they accuse Calvinists of when we say God alone determines all things.
At the end of the day, their problem isnât Calvinism. Itâs their own dualistic framework. They assume a world where God and Will are co-determiners of historyâtwo ultimate causes competing for control. But if that were true, then God wouldnât be GodâHeâd just be another force within creation.
Thatâs why their system collapses when confronted with the truth that God alone is ultimate (Ephesians 1:11).
Everythingâincluding human choicesâflows from His decree, not from an independent force called Will. There is no second god. There is no co-determiner. There is only the one true God working all things for His glory.
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