The disciples could not understand some of the parables, like the Sower.
That is correct.
The COULD NOT understand. Now apply that to all other unsaved, unregenerate sinners. Unsaved, unregenerate sinners CANNOT understand some of the parables. But let's not equivocate because the Matthew text indicates they did not understand any of the parables and Matthew 13 has reported only one occasion when Jesus explained the parables. That is the chapter where we find the
first mention of the word "
parable." More importantly to this op, the reason they understood any parable is stated: the keys to do so had been given to them. It was not something natural to them. Absent the giving of those keys the COULD NOT understand.
They needed it to be explained in plain speaking.
No. They need the keys to be given to them. Otherwise no further explanation would have been any more salvifically salient than their inherent inability to understand. You have couched your interpretation in speculative psychology and not what the text states. Couching your explanation in speculative psychology you've ignored the one explanatory statement in the text: the mysteries had been granted to them. To all others it had not been granted. Had they not been granted those mysteries they'd have been like every other unsaved, unregenerate sinner on the planet = UNABLE to understand.
One could make the argument....
More rank speculation. More rank speculation that diverts from what is plainly stated in the text.
......that it's the parables themselves that make people unable to see of hear them. It's not like these disciples were born again.
If they saw the kingdom then they were born again. They may not have been born anew from above as modern-day fundamentalist evangelicals define the term but that is a problem of modern-day fundamentalist evangelicalism, not scripture. Be very cautious about sitting in God's chair and deciding the eternal disposition of people you've never met to arbitrate when they were and were not born anew from above. There are many huge problems with your point of view. Among them would be how ignorant people preached the gospel of the kingdom, why God would use such people, How God would act fruitlessly in the case of anyone thusly gifted NOT being born again, and why you would think that is the case when the gospel plainly, explicitly states the mysteries of the kingdom had been granted to them.
Matthew 13:11
New International Version
He replied, “Because the knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.
New Living Translation
He replied, “You are permitted to understand the secrets of the Kingdom of Heaven, but others are not.
English Standard Version
And he answered them, “To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been given.
Berean Standard Bible
He replied, “The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.
Berean Literal Bible
And answering He said to them, "Because it has been granted to you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens, but to them it has not been granted.
King James Bible
He answered and said unto them, Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given.
New American Standard Bible
And Jesus answered them, “To you it has been granted to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it has not been granted.
Mark 4:11
New International Version
He told them, “The secret of the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those on the outside everything is said in parables
New Living Translation
He replied, “You are permitted to understand the secret of the Kingdom of God. But I use parables for everything I say to outsiders,
English Standard Version
And he said to them, “To you has been given the secret of the kingdom of God, but for those outside everything is in parables,
Berean Standard Bible
He replied, “The mystery of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to those on the outside everything is expressed in parables,
Berean Literal Bible
And He was saying to them, "To you has been given the mystery of the kingdom of God, but to those who are outside, everything is done in parables,
King James Bible
And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all
these things are done in parables:
New American Standard Bible
And He was saying to them, “To you has been given the mystery of the kingdom of God, but for those who are outside, everything comes in parables,
The underlying fact is that every single one of those disciples was summoned monergistically. Neither God nor Jesus asked any one of them if they wanted to be chosen. None of them were ever asked if they wanted to be called. Every single one of them was commanded to follow Jesus with an explanation they would obey and not a single person chosen and called failed to follow Jesus as purposed by God (including Judas). EVERYTHING you post is built on a monergistic foundation that gets ignored and everything built on that foundation is either speculative human-centric psychologization of scripture or very bad eisegetic interpretation.
They only had the Holy Spirit upon them, and that limited their understanding already.
Hmmm.... The Holy Spirit limited their understanding by not fulling birthing them anew. That would be monergism = God deciding what happens with/within His creatures.
What would have happened if....
Aside from the fact sound doctrine is not built on rank speculation nor anthropomorphic psychologization thereof, the fact is the speculation is asking us to ignore what is plainly stated. The essence of the inquiry is, "What if we ignore that part about God doing something?" The better question is, therefore, what if we did not ignore what is explicitly stated and based our views on what the text actually states? The answer to the questions is an unequivocal, "NO!!!" and the reason we know that is because no one is reported to have understood except those to whom knowledge and understanding has been given.
More speculation. More inferential treatment of scripture.
...what Isaiah is saying in 6:8-10. Rendered so that they could not see and hear, lest they believe, right? I'm not sure what piling on means. Are dead made more dead, etc., or are they're being able to believe if not hardened a hypothetical?
The hardened people were already hardened. That's why God further hardened them. This was not the first time that had occurred. The stroy of Moses and Pharaoh is an obvious example. Pharoah never had an opportunity to be anyone than who he was. Centuries before then God had told Abraham his descendants would be enslaved in Egypt for 400 years but God would release them and have them carry away the wealth of Egypt. When that 400 years expired it wouldn't have mattered who was Pharoah because
that Pharaoh was going to be the Pharoah that presided over the economic destruction of his entire nation. On top of, inn addition to, all of that, scripture states Pharoah hardened Pharoah's heart and Pharoah again hardened Pharoah's heart, and he did it again and again and then God hardened Pharoah's heart. God did not ask Pharoah is he wanted to be the ruler that would lose all.
He decided that matter before Pharoah was ever born. God did not ask Pharoah if he wanted his heart more hardened. He never gave Pharoah an option to not have it further hardened. Had God not hardened Phaorah's heart
Pharoah still would have been the self-hardened, hard-hearted Pharoah who lost the slaves and wealth of Egypt.
So your "what ifs" are answered by scripture. The fact the questions are asked in absence of scriptures' answers is a huge problem. The fact that passages in the prophets, the gospels, and the epistolary are interpreted without the consultation of, or knowledge of, whole scripture is
another huge problem. You openly set out to confront and question the views of others but that happens using a broken standard.
The already self-hardened people of Isaiah did not already perceive and understand and neither did they repent and be healed. They did not come to God and the only time anyone ever comes to God in the entire Bible is when God Himself rends the fabric of creation to work in those people for that purpose. It is God who brings His people back to the land He promised and He always does so in spite of the fact He would be completely justified if He killed them all and wiped their existence from the record of human history.