Genesis, Start To Finish

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● Gen 44:10 . .Very well, then; he said; let it be as you say. Whoever is found to
have it will become my slave; the rest of you will be free from blame.

Either the steward wasn't listening, or he was instructed to say just exactly those
words. They all volunteered to enslave themselves, but he'll settle on just the one
who allegedly took the goblet, and it's because Joseph wants to gauge the elder
brothers' reaction to his own kid brother's danger. If they failed to prove
themselves honorable men, then I really think Joseph planned to harbor Benjamin
and dispatch an escort for his father; but permanently bar the brothers from ever
returning to Egypt. They would just have to make do on their own the best as they
could till the famine was over regardless of their blood kinship.

● Gen 44:11-13 . . So each one hastened to lower his bag to the ground, and each
one opened his bag. He searched, beginning with the oldest and ending with the
youngest; and the goblet turned up in Benjamin's bag. At this they rent their
clothes. Each reloaded his pack animal, and they returned to the city.

"they" didn't really have to go back; Joseph's steward had already pre-released
them. But surprise of surprises; instead of leaving Benny to rot in slavery like they
had done to his big brother many years previously, they accompany him back to
Egypt.

This turn of events wasn't due to a sincere concern for Benny's safety. As it turned
out, the real concern was for their father Jacob and how he would handle the loss of
yet another of Rachel's babies.

● Gen 44:14-17 . .When Judah and his brothers re-entered the house of Joseph,
who was still there, they threw themselves on the ground before him. Joseph said
to them: What is this deed that you have done? Do you not know that a man like
me practices divination?

. . . Judah replied: What can we say to my lord? How can we plead, how can we
prove our innocence? God has uncovered the crime of your servants. Here we are,
then, slaves of my lord, the rest of us as much as he in whose possession the
goblet was found. But he replied: Far be it from me to act thus! Only he in whose
possession the goblet was found shall be my slave; the rest of you go back in peace
to your father.

Surely Jacob wouldn't blame the older boys for the loss, since he was fully aware of
the risks involved when he sent his sons back to Egypt for food; and the evidence
against Benjamin made it appear he had no one to blame but himself for getting
into trouble. And this time, the men wouldn't have to fake a death like they did
Joseph's. It was a perfect situation; and I really think Joseph fully expected them to
take advantage of Benjamin's plight and go back home without Joseph's brother;
clapping themselves on the back for their good fortune at ridding themselves of yet
one more "favorite" sibling.

I can only imagine Joseph's surprise to see them all, to a man, including the
Terrible Trio-- Rueben, Simeon, and Levi --following his steward home with their
clothing ripped, and their heads hung low with fear and anxiety.

Then, as if that wasn't surprise enough; Judah steps forward and pins the blame,
not on Benjamin, but on all eleven of their own selves; thus demonstrating a
degree of solidarity that I have no doubt Joseph had never before seen among his
prone-to-rivalry elder brothers. Instead of asking how can Benjamin prove "his"
innocence, Judah asks how can "we" prove "our" innocence. So then, Benjamin's
alleged guilt is the whole family's guilt, rather than an individual matter; and in
point of fact, it is a national matter too because those twelve men (counting
Joseph) as a unit, represented the blossoming nation of Israel.

● Gen 44:18 . .Then Judah went up to him and said: Please, my lord, let your
servant appeal to my lord, and do not be impatient with your servant, you who are
the equal of Pharaoh.

Joseph didn't dispute Judah on the matter of being the equal of Pharaoh. Not that
he was a pharaoh; but that to Egypt's people, Joseph was as close to being the
actual pharaoh as anybody under a pharaoh could possibly be. Compare Dan 7:13
13 where a human being is honored with the powers of God; so that God's subjects
have to bend the knee to that highly exalted man just as if he were God in person.
(cf. Ps 110:1 and Phil 2:9-11)
_

 

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● Gen 44:19-34 . . My lord asked his servants: Have you a father or another
brother? We told my lord: We have an old father, and there is a child of his old age,
the youngest; his full brother is dead, so that he alone is left of his mother, and his
father dotes on him. Then you said to your servants: Bring him down to me, that I
may set eyes on him. We said to my lord: The boy cannot leave his father; if he
were to leave him, his father would die. But you said to your servants: Unless your
youngest brother comes down, you will not see my face.

. . .When we came back to your servant my father, we reported my lord's words to
him. Later our father said: Go back and procure some food for us. We answered:
We cannot go down; only if our youngest brother is with us can we go down, for we
may not see the man's face unless our youngest brother is with us.

. . .Your servant my father said to us: As you know, my wife bore me two sons. But
one is gone from me, and I said: Alas, he was torn by a beast! And I have not seen
him since. If you take this one from me, too, and he meets with disaster, you will
send my white head down to death in sorrow.

. . . Now, if I come to your servant my father and the boy is not with us-- since his
own life is so bound up with his --when he sees that the boy is not with us, he will
die, and your servants will send the white head of your servant our father down to
death in grief. Now your servant has pledged himself for the boy to my father,
saying: If I do not bring him back to you, I shall stand guilty before my father
forever.

. . .Therefore, please let your servant remain as a slave to my lord instead of the
boy, and let the boy go back with his brothers. For how can I go back to my father
unless the boy is with me? Let me not be witness to the woe that would overtake
my father!

Judah's impassioned plea isn't for Benjamin's sake, but for the sake of his father.
That is an incredible turn-around since nobody seemed to care much about Jacob's
feelings back in chapter 37 when they all to a man manipulated their dad into
concluding Joseph was mauled to death by a wild animal.

● Gen 45:1-2 . . Joseph could stand it no longer. Out, all of you! he cried out to his
attendants. He wanted to be alone with his brothers when he told them who he
was. Then he broke down and wept aloud. His sobs were so loud that the Egyptians
could hear, and so the news reached Pharaoh's palace.

The brothers have repeatedly proven their integrity, their family unity, and their
filial loyalty. Joseph could gain nothing more conclusive than Judah's impassioned
plea by additional stratagems; and by now, his own emotional tension was
becoming overwhelming; even for a big strong man like himself, and it was all he
could do to order his entourage out of the room before totally losing his composure
right in front of everybody.

I can well imagine the shock and confusion that Joseph's housekeeping staff must
have felt when their normally rock steady, no-monkey-business master broke down
and began sobbing like a little girl who just lost her favorite Barbie down the
garbage disposal. They had probably never once seen the second highest man in
Egypt make an open display of emotion like this before; and the palace grapevine
was instantly abuzz about it.
_

 

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● Gen 45:3a . . I am Joseph-- he said to his brothers --is my father still alive?

That question is so unnecessary that it makes no sense he would even ask. The
brothers had mentioned Joseph's dad no less than fourteen times up to this point.
Reading between the lines, and given the stress of the moment, what Joseph
actually said was: Is my father really, really still alive!? And I don't think he asked
that question of his brothers; but of himself; like a lottery winner who asks
themselves: I won!? Me!?

I think, that as the years in Egypt accumulated, Joseph had given up his dad for
dead and fully expected never to see him again. The news of Jacob's continuing
existence has been just beyond belief, and way too good to be true. No doubt some
of us feel very strongly that the world would be a much better place to be rid of our
own dads; but not Joseph. He enjoyed a normal relationship at home, and was in
fact his own dad's favorite son over all the others.

Joseph was a very fortunate man to have lived with a dad who filled his developing
years with companionship, love, nurturing, attention, and acceptance. Some of us,
your host included, have no clue what that must be like; and never will. I've seen a
report online indicating that upwards of 80% of prison inmates were victims of child
abuse. Following are some interesting "father" facts.

Only about 50% of America's kids will spend their entire childhood in an intact
family. 24,000,000 children in America sleep in homes where their natural fathers
do not live.

Approximately half of the kids in the United States will live in a single parent home
at some point before the age of 18.

Nationally, 40% of kids whose fathers live outside the home have zero contact with
them. The other 60 percent have contact an average of just 69 days during the
year.

Kids from father-absent homes are 5x more likely to live in poverty, 3x more likely
to fail in school, 2x to 3x more likely to develop emotional and behavioral problems,
and 3x more likely to commit suicide.

Up to 70% of adolescents charged with murder are from fatherless homes; and up
to 70% of long-term prison inmates grew up in a fatherless home.

In addition: studies show that numbers of otherwise normal kids are developing
gender-dysphoria and reactive attachment disorder due to growing up in homes
where they're enduring mental and emotional abuse of one kind or another.

People like that can't be expected to connect with Joseph's feelings for his dad.
Reading this section in Genesis is about as emotional an experience for them as
reading the Wall Street Journal. I'm not criticizing; I'm only pointing out that it's
difficult for some people to relate to this section of Genesis all because they were
emotionally mangled in the meat grinder of an affection-starved childhood.

● Gen 45:3b . . But his brothers could not answer him, for his sudden emergence
was making them palpitate.

I think part of their internal shivering was due to the fact that they instantly
realized that this man, whom they assumed was a foreigner, knew their language
and perfectly understood everything they had been discussing in his presence all
along. Coupled with that was their instant terror that their long-lost kid brother was
in a pretty good position for revenge: to do unto them as they had done unto him.
And the brothers were utterly powerless to prevent him from doing so.

● Gen 45:4a . .Then Joseph said to his brothers: Come close to me.

You can just safely bet they had reflexively shrunk back from him as far as the
boundaries of the room would permit.
_

 

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● Gen 45:4b-7 . .When they had done so, he said: I am your brother Joseph, the
one you sold into Egypt! And now, do not be distressed and do not be disappointed
in yourselves for selling me here, because it was to save lives that God sent me
ahead of you. For two years now there has been famine in the land, and for the
next five years there will not be plowing and reaping. But God sent me ahead of
you to preserve for you a posterity on earth and to save your lives by a great
rescue.

If it was only God's ambition to preserve Israel's future, He could have easily
prevented the famine. And if He was looking ahead to Israel's rescue from Egyptian
slavery, then couldn't He have just simply ordered Jacob to move everybody down
to Egypt? No, that wouldn't have worked because the Hebrews were an
abomination to the Egyptians. They would never have allowed the Hebrews to
immigrate and settle in Egypt's choicest land under normal circumstances.

So then, God set things up so that Egypt would owe the Hebrews a big favor; and
would welcome them in spite of their disgust. Pharaoh and the Egyptians couldn't
just take Joseph's providence for granted; no, they were deeply indebted for saving
them all from starvation and possibly conquest by foreign powers.

NOTE: Famines were usually the result of climate change; which is a natural earth
cycle. Nowadays, climate change is depicted as a man-made evil; but in reality,
climate change is normal and would happen anyway regardless of the amount of
fossil fuel man burns or doesn't burn. In other words: it's doubtful God caused the
famine in Josephs' day as a special event like the Flood; no, it's likely He simply
saw it coming before anybody else did; just as He had seen many like it in the past.

● Gen 45:8 . . So then, it was not you who sent me here, but God. He made me
father to Pharaoh; lord of his entire household and ruler of all Egypt.

The sense in which Joseph was a "father" to Pharaoh, was in the capacity of a
guardian; viz: of a provider and a protector. If not for Joseph, Pharaoh's kingdom
would have surely collapsed.

The Hebrew word for "father" is ambiguous in that it has several applications. It can
apply to a genetic ancestor (e.g. Gen 2:24), an inventor of skills and trades (e.g.
Gen 4:20-21), a political big shot (2Kgs 5:13), a spiritual counselor (2Kings 2:12,
2Kgs 6:21), and God. (Ps 44:1)

● Gen 45:9-11 . . Now hurry back to my father and say to him "This is what your
son Joseph says: God has made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me; don't
delay. You shall live in the region of Goshen and be near me-- you, your children
and grandchildren, your flocks and herds, and all you have. I will provide for you
there, because five years of famine are still to come. Otherwise you and your
household and all who belong to you will become destitute.

Goshen was the fertile region in northeastern Egypt; situated to the west of today's
Suez Canal: a district of about 900 square miles; which is pretty much the eastern
half of the Nile delta.

NOTE: When Moses left Goshen, he didn't go directly to Palestine along the coastal
trade route; but instead took his people a bit south first towards the modern city of
Suez (Ex 13:17-18). In his day, the Gulf Of Suez arm of the Red Sea extended
about 50 miles farther north than it does now. Lake Timsah-- at the current town of
Ismailia --and The Great Bitter Lake, and the Little Bitter Lake are all that remain
as witnesses to that portion of the ancient sea bed.

● Gen 45:12-13 . .You can see for yourselves, and so can my brother Benjamin,
that it is really I who am speaking to you. Tell my father about all the honor
accorded me in Egypt and about everything you have seen. And bring my father
down here quickly.

Jacob would want to know just exactly how the brothers learned Joseph's Egyptian
identity. By getting the news right from the horse's mouth, there would be no
reason for Jacob to doubt their story.

Joseph didn't refer to Jacob as "our" father; no, he made his association with Jacob
far more personal than that. He referred to Jacob as "my" father; I'm not sure
whether it's significant; but Jesus spoke of God the very same way.

"Go to my brethren, and say unto them: I ascend unto my Father, and your Father;
and to my God, and your God." (John 20:17)
_

 

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● Gen 45:14-15 . .Then he threw his arms around his brother Benjamin and wept,
and Benjamin embraced him, weeping. And he kissed all his brothers and wept over
them. Afterward his brothers talked with him.

I seriously think the ten brothers were so consternated to the point of paralyzing
terror as to be rendered utterly mute until Joseph adequately allayed their fears,
and proved his good will towards them with all his blubbering and hugging; and I
also think they never took their eyes off his hands the whole time, half expecting
him to draw a jeweled dagger and pierce it through each man's liver in turn.

There was a time when the older brothers were so infected with rivalry towards
Joseph that any conversation they had with him, if they had any at all, was
punctuated with hostility (Gen 37:4). I think you can safely bet that at this point,
their conversation is re-punctuated with supplication, humility, hats in hand, and
profuse apologies rather than hostility.

Joseph was an extremely magnanimous man; with a degree of self control that is
really quite amazing. If anybody in the Old Testament was justified to nurse a
grudge, it has to be him. Surely he deserves some recognition for exemplifying at
least one of Jesus' beatitudes.

"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God." (Matt 5:9)

There are some people in this world who are simply implacable. They refuse to bury
the hatchet and move on. No, for them rivalry, revenge, spite, retaliation,
stubbornness, and grudging are a way of life: every disagreement is an act of war--
they're emotional and reactive, and they thrive on criticism, sarcasm, chafing,
carping, finding fault, thoughtless remarks, demeaning comments, insults,
contempt, ridicule, bickering, retort upon retort, endless yeah-buts, telling other
people off, and giving people a piece of their mind.

It should go without saying that warlike people can't possibly be allowed into
Heaven because God's home is a place of peace. It just wouldn't be fair to the
others to let toxic people loose in paradise to wreck it for everybody.

● Gen 45:21-22a . .The sons of Israel did so; Joseph gave them wagons as Pharaoh
had commanded, and he supplied them with provisions for the journey. To each of
them, moreover, he gave a change of clothing;

Their "change of clothing" quite likely consisted of garments suitable for formal
occasions like an audience with a king, or hob-nobbing with aristocrats (e.g. Gen
41:14, 2Kgs 25:27-30). I suspect the new clothing was pretty expensive; like
Valentino and/or Armani.

● Gen 45:22b . . but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and
several changes of clothing.

You know, some people just never seem to learn. It was because of favoritism that
Joseph's brothers were provoked to malicious sibling rivalry in the first place; and
here he is repeating the very same mistake grandpa Isaac made in chapter 25, and
the very same mistake papa Jacob made in chapter 37. Benjamin had done nothing
to deserve preferential treatment over and above his elder brothers. The only
reason that Joseph treated him better than the others is simply the fact that they
shared the same mother; that's all: which Webster's defines as nepotism.

● Gen 45:23-24 . . And he sent to his father these things: ten jack burros loaded
with the good things of Egypt, and ten female burros loaded with grain, bread, and
food for his father for the journey. So he sent his brothers away, and they
departed; and he said to them: See that you are not distracted along the way.

Apparently the trade route from Egypt to Canaan offered diversions aplenty to
entertain grown men; which Joseph would like his brothers to avoid this time
around because he was anxious to get his dad moved into Egypt as soon as was
practical. In point of fact, time was of the essence what with five more years of
famine conditions yet to come; with each succeeding year much worse than those
preceding it. I think Joseph wanted his dad settled in before the worst of it took
hold of the region and put them all, including their livestock, in very imminent
danger of perishing.
_

 

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● Gen 45:25-26 . . So they went up out of Egypt and came to their father Jacob in
the land of Canaan. They told him: Joseph is still alive! In fact, he is ruler of all
Egypt. Jacob was stunned and didn't believe them.

He didn't believe them because for one thing; he was led to believe all these years
that Joseph was dead; hence Jacob was incredulous and one could hardly blame
him. As an example, suppose a total stranger should walk up to your door some
day and announce you won a 42-million dollar Powerball lottery. Now add that to
the fact that you have never bought a Powerball lottery ticket in your whole life.
Would you begin jumping up and down and shouting hallelujah? I don't think so. I
think you would be skeptical; just as skeptical as Jacob.

The actual Hebrew of Gen 45:26 says that Jacob's heart became sluggish; viz: his
blood pressure dropped and he quite literally paled. We have to remember that
Jacob was 135 years old at this point in his life, and would live only another
seventeen more (Gen 47:28). Older people don't do well with shock; it can actually
kill them.

● Gen 45:26-28 . . But when they told him everything Joseph had said to them,
and when he saw the carts Joseph had sent to carry him back, their father Jacob's
strength returned. And Israel said: I'm convinced! My son Joseph is still alive. I will
go and see him before I die.

No doubt Jacob had to sit down-- more likely lay down with his feet elevated -
while his sons related their adventures in Egypt; and quite possibly it was right then
that they confessed to their selling Jacob's favorite son into slavery. Better they tell
him now than wait till he hears about it later from Joseph.

● Gen 46:1 . . So Israel set out with all that was his, and he came to Beer-sheba,
where he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac.

I would imagine that Jacob was a bit uncertain as to whether or not he should leave
the promised land and go to Egypt, even though his granddad had migrated for that
exact same reason back in chapter 12. Jacob was promised a multitude of offspring
who were supposed to inherit Palestine, and how ever could that happen if he
wasn't even living in the land? And it seemed every time a patriarch left Palestine
they got into trouble. Jacob had to wonder: Was he walking into a trap?

Jacob, being a prophet, may have suspected that the prediction below was
somehow related to his present circumstances.

"Then The Lord said to Abram: Know for certain that your descendants will be
strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four
hundred years. But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they
will come out with great possessions." (Gen 15:13-15)

● Gen 46:2-4a . . God called to Israel in a vision by night: Jacob! Jacob! He
answered: Here! And He said: I am 'El, the god of your father. Fear not to go down
to Egypt, for I will make you there into a great nation. I myself will go down with
you to Egypt, and I myself will also bring you back;

Although El's promise to accompany Jacob in Egypt was generous; He pretty much
had to because back in Gen 28:15 The Lord said "Remember, I am with you: I will
protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave
you until I have done what I have promised you."

Since Jacob was destined to die in Egypt, God's promise to "bring you back" would
be quite hollow unless He intended to raise Jacob from the dead some day; which
He does. (Matt 8:11)

* There were so many 'els out and about in Jacob's day that it was necessary for
Jacob's god to pick His words carefully in order to make sure people fully
understood who He was so they didn't confuse Him with one of the other deities
popular in that day. By identifying Himself to Jacob as the "god of your father"
there was no mistaking who was speaking.

● Gen 46:4b . . and Joseph's hand shall close your eyes.

That must have been a comforting prediction for Jacob. Not the dying part, but the
fact that he would die in Joseph's company, rather than dying somewhere distant
only for Joseph to hear about it later before he had a chance to say his farewells.
_

 

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● Gen 46:5-7 . . So Jacob set out from Beer-sheba. The sons of Israel put their
father Jacob and their children and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent
to transport him; and they took along their livestock and the wealth that they had
amassed in the land of Canaan. Thus Jacob and all his offspring with him came to
Egypt: he brought with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons, his daughters and
granddaughters-- all his offspring.

Not mentioned as participants in the wagon train were the slaves; the "wealth that
they had amassed in the land of Canaan" would have included them as well as the
livestock. If Isaac passed down granddad Abraham's army to Jacob; then the whole
troupe-- family, wagons, slaves, and of course the herds; composed of sheep,
goats, cows, burros, and camels --must have been a very impressive sight traveling
down the road to Shur into Egypt.

The Hebrew word for "daughter" is ambiguous. It can mean an immediate female
offspring (e.g. Gen 46:15) or even all the females in a whole country (e.g. Gen
28:8). But in this case, the females referred to were limited to Jacob's own
biological children (vs 7 and vs 26) rather than including every female in the camp.

● Gen 46:8-27 . .These are the names of the Israelites, Jacob and his descendants,
who came to Egypt-- all the persons belonging to Jacob who came to Egypt --his
own issue, aside from the wives of Jacob's sons --all these persons numbered 66.
And Joseph's sons who were born to him in Egypt were two in number. Thus the
total of Jacob's household who came to Egypt was seventy persons.

The number would have to include both Joseph and Jacob in order to come out
right. The nose count has its problems with other portions of scripture that contain
the rosters. Expositors with higher IQ's and better educations than mine haven't
had much luck at harmonizing those discrepancies so I could hardly expect myself
to do any better.

● Gen 46:28a . . Now Jacob sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph to get directions to
Goshen.

Judging from all past events, and the current ones; Judah appears to have been the
most grown-up (mature and serious) of all the other brothers, and a man whom
Jacob could reasonably depend upon to look after business and not goof around or
allow himself to get distracted.

● Gen 46:28b-30 . . So when they came to the region of Goshen, Joseph ordered
his chariot and went to Goshen to meet his father Israel. He presented himself to
him and, embracing him around the neck, he wept on his neck a good while. Then
Israel said to Joseph: Now I can die, having seen for myself that you are still alive.

Jacob had never really gotten over the loss of his favorite son. His statement back
in 37:35 that he would go to the grave mourning Joseph would've surely come true
had not the two re-united.

There's sometimes an overtone of sadness at reunions as kin become shaken a bit
by the too obvious damage that the aging process wreaked upon loved ones during
the years of their absence; plus the sadness of not being a part of the years that
long-lost kin have lived their lives without us.

● Gen 46:31-34 . . And Joseph said to his brothers and to his father's household: I
will go up and tell Pharaoh, and will say to him; "My brothers and my father's
household, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me; and the men are
shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock; and they have brought their
flocks and their herds and all that they have."

. . . And it shall come about when Pharaoh calls you and says; "What is your
occupation?" that you shall say; "Your servants have been keepers of livestock from
our youth even until now, both we and our fathers" that you may live in the land of
Goshen; for every shepherd is loathsome to the Egyptians.

The land of Goshen was some distance from Egypt's main population centers; so
the area would suffice as a sort of quarantine; which no doubt the Egyptians would
applaud, thus making it all the easier for Pharaoh to grant Joseph's kin permission
to settle in Egypt; probably with the understanding that as soon as the famine was
over, they should leave and return to the land of Canaan. (The Israelites
overstayed their welcome and eventually ended up in slavery.)

Goshen wasn't a ghetto. Joseph's kin wouldn't be under armed guard or sealed in
behind a Berlin Wall so to speak; and apparently the land was suitable for crops as3
well as pastures; so Joseph's intentions were good medicine for everyone all
around.
_

 

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● Gen 47:1-2 . .Then Joseph came and reported to Pharaoh, saying: My father and
my brothers, with their flocks and herds and all that is theirs, have come from the
land of Canaan and are now in the region of Goshen. And selecting five of his
brothers, he presented them to Pharaoh.

Aren't you curious which five of the eleven brothers Joseph selected; and what
guided his decision?

When Christ went up on a mountain to transfigure (Matt 17:1, Mark 19:2) he took
along only three of his twelve hand-picked apostles. Some expositors believe he
took Peter, James, and John not because they were the strongest in faith of the
twelve; but on the contrary, the weakest. But who really knows. It could be that
Christ chose those three men because he knew for himself they could be trusted to
keep a secret. (cf. Mark 9:9-10)

Quite possibly, Joseph had carefully gauged all eleven brother's reactions under the
stress to which he only just recently had subjected them and noted the ones who
were not easy to intimidate. These would be his best choice to meet the king
because the last thing Joseph needed was his kin stammering and shivering in the
audience of his boss; the Pharaoh of Egypt. He wanted them to leave the
impression that they knew what they were doing in the world of animal husbandry.
(This is all conjecture of course because I don't really know why Joseph selected
which five.)

● Gen 47:3 . . Pharaoh said to his brothers: What is your occupation? The
answered Pharaoh: We your servants are shepherds, as were also our fathers.

Bang! Direct question/Direct answer-- no stammering, no shivering, no apologizing,
and no beating around the bush as if they had anything to be ashamed of for being
ranchers.

● Gen 47:4 . .We have come; they told Pharaoh; to sojourn in this land, for there is
no pasture for your servants' flocks, the famine being severe in the land of Canaan.
Pray, then, let your servants stay in the region of Goshen.

After first assuring the king that they had no intention of settling permanently in his
jurisdiction, they then boldly request exactly what they want. It's a pity more
people don't pray like Joseph's brothers because there's no need to circumnavigate
the issue with God. He already knows what's on your mind before you even open
your mouth so you might just as well get right to the point.

"And when you pray, do not use vain repetitions as the heathen do. For they think
that they will be heard for their many words. Therefore do not be like them. For
your Father knows the things you have need of before you ask Him." (Matt 6:7-8)

"Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy,
and find grace to help in time of need." (Heb 4:16)

The Greek word for "boldly" basically means all out-spokenness, i.e. frankness,
bluntness, and/or confidence.

In other words: God's people shouldn't be shy about speaking up and telling Him
exactly what's on their minds. Reciting scripted prayers-- e.g. sedars and missals,
and/or chanting rosaries --is not what I call forthright, out-spoken, frank, and/or
bold. You just try speaking to your spouse and/or your friends and associates in
rote repetition over and over again and see what happens.

● Gen 47:5-6 . .Then Pharaoh said to Joseph: As regards your father and your
brothers who have come to you, the land of Egypt is open before you: settle your
father and your brothers in the best part of the land; let them stay in the region of
Goshen. And if you know any capable men among them, put them in charge of my
livestock.

Communication between the brothers and Pharaoh was probably of the very same
nature as their own first encounter with Joseph; which was through an interpreter.
In this case, Joseph is the interpreter; viz: actually a mediator between king and
subjects. A mediator doesn't only interpret, but also looks out for the best interests
of both parties and brings about a resolution of their differences; if any. The
brothers were foreign herders, and for that reason, the king was loathe to speak
with them; much less to associate with them. If not for Joseph, there would have
been no audience; the men would have been barred from Pharaoh's court.

Joseph was both an Israelite and an Egyptian. He understood, and moved about, in
both cultures; consequently he was accepted by each party as one of their own.

In the same way; remove Christ, and nobody would ever be able to contact God;
not even anybody in the Old Testament. Since Christ is both Divine and Human, he
is perfectly capable of resolving the differences between God and Man; and he is
accepted by both because he's one of their own.

"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ
Jesus" (1Tim 2:5)3
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:7a . .Then Joseph brought his father Jacob in and presented him before
Pharaoh.

Probably no other moment in Pharaoh's life would be more historic than this one.
Standing before him, as a feeble old common rancher, was one of the most
significant men who ever lived on this earth; but Pharaoh could have never guessed
it under the circumstances. How was Pharaoh to know that this tired, broken down
old man standing before him was to be the progenitor of a monarch that would
dominate not only the entire over-world; but even the netherworld.

"In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of Adam,
coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was
escorted into His presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power;
that all peoples, nations and men of every language should worship him. His
dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is the
one that will never be destroyed." (Dan 7:13-14)

"God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every
name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth
and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is supreme-- to
the glory of God the Father." (Phil 2:9-11)

● Gen 47:7b . . and Jacob blessed Pharaoh

As a rule of thumb, the lesser is blessed of the better (Heb 7:7). However, it's
possible for the better to be blessed by the lesser too. (e.g. Ps 16:7, Ps 26:12, Ps
34:1, et al). It all depends on the nature of the blessing. There's nothing a man can
do to improve God's lot in life, but there's certainly a lot God can do to improve a
man's lot in life; however, either can say nice things about the other.

Precisely what form Jacob's blessing took is difficult to know for certain; but it could
have been something like: Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and
subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living
creature that moves on the ground (Gen 1:28) or maybe: God give thee of the dew
of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine; let people
serve thee, and nations bow down to thee; be lord over thy brethren, and let thy
mother's sons bow down to thee; cursed be every one that curseth thee, and
blessed be he that blesseth thee (Gen 27:28-29) or even as simple as: Let my lord
the king live forever. (1Kgs 1:31)

● Gen 47:8-9a . . And Pharaoh said unto Jacob: How old are you? And Jacob said
unto Pharaoh: The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty
years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not
attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers

The word "evil" isn't restricted to moral awfulness; but can indicate hard times as
well as just plain old bad luck (cf. Job 5:7, Isa 45:7). The days of Jacob's life
weren't totally disagreeable, though he makes it sound like that.

However, he did spend a good number of years in the outdoors, in all sorts of
weather, tending herds. That's not an easy life. Then there was the grief visited
upon him by the sons of his own flesh; Dinah was no help either. And the peace in
his home wrecked by the tension caused by the bitter sibling rivalry between his
wives Leah and Rachel; not to mention all the headaches uncle Laban contributed.

Jacob also endured the latter years of his life with a handicap resulting from his
encounter with a divine being in chapter 32. It's odd how human nature tends to
dwell upon its misfortunes instead of spending more time reflecting upon its
blessings. For some, the glass is half empty, and for others it's half full, and yet for
others: the glass is too big.

At this point in his life Jacob is wore out: he's winding down, and ready to retire.
Aging folks tend to be a little on the negative side, and sometimes dwell more on
the bad memories rather than the good. It's wise to consider that the aged weren't
born that way. In reality; they're children who've been alive for a long time. When I
was a kid, I tended to think that senior citizens were a species; not appreciating, till
later in life, that I was actually looking at my future.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:9b . . in the days of their pilgrimage.

Jacob's use of the word "pilgrimage" reflects the cruel reality that none of us comes
into this world to stay. We're here for a while, but that's all: just a while.

"Where are your forefathers now? And the prophets: do they live forever?" (Zech
1:4-5)

"For what is your life? It is even a vapor, that's visible for a little time, and then
vanishes away." (Jas 4:14)

● Gen 47:10 . . And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh.

Just how impressed Pharaoh was with Jacob is difficult to know, but the king had to
wonder to himself just how on earth a genius like Joseph could ever arise from such
humble root stock as this broken down, insignificant old man who just walked out
of his court. But one thing I know for sure: of the two men; Jacob holds the higher
rank in the grand scheme of things.

● Gen 47:11-12 . . So Joseph settled his father and his brothers in Egypt and gave
them property in the best part of the land, the district of Rameses, as Pharaoh
directed. Joseph also provided his father and his brothers and all his father's
household with food, according to the number of their children.

Jacob's clan nourished themselves with fish too. (Num 11:5)

Joseph's family lived in an area also known as Zoan (Ps 78:12) which was up in the
north, near the Mediterranean Sea in the East Nile delta. The area had access to
the sea, and there was lots of water and wetlands; so that seafood and migratory
fowl were never in short supply. Actually, all told, Jacob's family fared quite well in
Egypt in spite of the famine's overall severity. Meanwhile, it wrecked everybody
else.

● Gen 47:13 . .There was no food, however, in the whole region because the
famine was severe; both Egypt and Canaan wasted away because of the famine.

As mentioned earlier back in chapter 41, famines are usually the result of
insufficient rainfall.

NOTE: There's no indication in the story that either the hand of man or the hand of
God caused the dry spell. It was apparently a natural Earth cycle.

● Gen 47:14 . . Joseph gathered in all the money that was to be found in the land
of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, as payment for the rations that were being
procured, and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's palace.

Critics sometimes accuse Joseph of profiteering; of exploiting the people's hardship.
But they fail to realize that he wasn't acting on his own. Joseph answered to a
higher authority: to Mr. Pharaoh. If Joseph had gone behind Pharaoh's back and
gave the Egyptians grain for free, then Joseph himself would have been arrested
and either put right back in prison or, worse, gibbeted. Then who would his clan
look to for representation with Pharaoh?
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:15-17 . .When the money of the people of Egypt and Canaan was gone,
all Egypt came to Joseph and said: Give us food. Why should we die before your
eyes? Our money is used up. Then bring your livestock; said Joseph. I will sell you
grain in exchange for your livestock, since your money is gone. So they brought
their livestock to Joseph, and he gave them grain in exchange for their horses, their
sheep and goats, their cattle and donkeys. And he brought them through that year
with grain in exchange for all their livestock.

Horses were the animal of choice for pulling chariots in ancient Egypt. (e.g. Ex
14:9)

Putting horses on the list of saleable livestock indicates that even relatively
prosperous breeders were falling on hard times too, so that no matter whether the
Egyptians were rich or poor, the famine was effecting them all-- the rich have to
eat too, just like everybody else; and money alone makes poor nourishment. Here
in America, when the last bit of arable land is finally bulldozed for residential
housing, and paved over for shopping centers, office buildings, super highways,
cemeteries, malls, light rails, factory sites and warehouses: that's when we'll finally
catch on that money isn't everything.

Only after the last tree is cut down,
The last of the water poisoned,
The last animal destroyed:
Only then will some realize
They cannot eat money.
- Cree Indian Prophecy -

● Gen 47:18-19a . .The next year they came again and said: Our money is gone,
and our livestock are yours. We have nothing left but our bodies and land. Why
should we die right in front of you? Buy us and our land in exchange for food; we
will then become servants to Pharaoh.

Joseph's plan had no intention of shackling the Egyptians in grinding poverty and
humiliation like the African slaves of America's pre civil war days. Though they
became Pharaoh's slaves, they also become share-croppers; which is a very
tolerable arrangement in comparison to slaves who are permitted to keep none of
the fruits of their labors. In effect then, the Egyptians would actually be afforded
the dignity of working for compensation; and it was pretty generous too.

● Gen 47:18-19b . . Just give us grain so that our lives may be spared and so the
land will not become empty and desolate.

They not only needed grain for food, but also enough to sow their fields in
anticipation of next season's crop. Whether the Egyptian populace at large was
aware of the famine's predicted duration can't be known for certain, but farmers
often sow even in famine years because who can tell if the weather is going to
change for the better or not. Joseph, of course, was privy to knowledge of the
famine's end, and I would think that he would surely share that information with
the delegations that negotiated with him in this matter.

● Gen 47:20 . . So Joseph gained possession of all the farm land of Egypt for
Pharaoh, every Egyptian having sold his field because the famine was too much for
them; thus the land passed over to Pharaoh.

It's reasonable to assume that Pharaoh's only interest would be what's known as
Egypt's so called "black" land; which is primarily the arable soil located adjacent to
the Nile's river banks and was at one time subject to seasonal flooding; which
replenished the soil with fresh deposits of silt each year.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:21-22 . . and Joseph reduced the people to servitude, from one end of
Egypt to the other. However, he did not buy the land of the priests, because they
received a regular allotment from Pharaoh and had food enough from the allotment
Pharaoh gave them. That is why they did not sell their land.

That regular State allotment must have made religion seem like an attractive career
path. Their constituents may have been suffering, but the priests were doing just
fine and coasting right through all the hard times.

I think it's notable that God doesn't permit Judaism's priests to own land; nor
permit them to feed at the Federal trough either, thus making them fully dependent
upon the prosperity of ordinary pew warmers. Thus the priests were highly
motivated to keep the people in a good standing with God in order to keep
themselves fed because lack of good standing could easily result in a poor economy
in Israel. (cf. Deut 28:1-68)

When Saul was king, there was a time in Israel when the priests didn't even have
enough food of their own on hand to supply David's escape (1Sam 21:1-6). That
was a pretty good indication that Saul's kingdom had fallen into spiritual decline
during his administration; and definitely time for a change in leadership.

● Gen 47:23-24 . . Joseph said to the people: Now that I have bought you and your
land today for Pharaoh, here is seed for you so you can plant the ground. But when
the crop comes in, give a fifth of it to Pharaoh. The other four-fifths you may keep
as seed for the fields and as food for yourselves and your households and your
children.

Four-fifths is equal to 80% which is a pretty good percentage for share-croppers. In
addition, there's no mention of either rents or leases. In other words, the Egyptians
lived on Pharaoh's land essentially for free. The only rent they paid, if you could call
it that, was the one-fifth of the land's produce.

That was a very good deal for the Egyptians because it was flexible. In other words;
no matter how well or how poorly the land produced in any given year, whether
little or much, the percentage never changed. Thus they were always able to satisfy
their obligation to Pharaoh even in years when disease and/or insects decimated
their crops. It was virtually impossible to ever fall behind in payments.

Since Pharaoh owned all the land, and exacted neither rent nor lease from share
croppers; it became possible for Egypt's poor to apply for a piece of acreage. While
the drought was a curse for some people; it was a blessing for others.

● Gen 47:25 . .You have saved our lives; they said. May we find favor in the eyes of
our lord; we will be in bondage to Pharaoh.

The Hebrew word "bondage" includes all kinds of servitude; including outright
slavery. (Another word for "servant" is sakiyr (saw-keer') which is a person who
works for wages; viz: an employee.)

It's reasonable to assume that not everyone in Egypt took up farming as there
would still be the need for goods and services like metal smiths, butchers,
seamstresses, barbers, shipwrights, wagon and chariot builders, longshoremen,
pottery, merchant marine, general mercantile, weavers, shoemakers, freight
haulers, and building contractors; et al: every sort of trade and commercial
enterprise imaginable.

Pharaoh had all the money. So then, the barter system probably thrived in Egypt--
the farmers trading out of their 80% and the merchants and tradesmen paying
Pharaoh his one-fifth out of what trickled down from the farmers. In other words: in
that economy, food was gold.

Apparently few, if any, complained. One thing you could say about the Egyptians;
they didn't look a gift horse in the mouth. If not for Joseph's providence, they
would have all surely died, and lost everything, and they knew it too. Thanks to
him, instead of dying, they all enjoyed a pretty good standard of living. There were
some sacrifices to be made, yes, but all in all, they fared pretty well under Joseph's
administration.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:26 . . So Joseph established it as a law concerning land in Egypt-- still in
force today --that a fifth of the produce belongs to Pharaoh. It was only the land of
the priests that did not become Pharaoh's.

The "today" in that passage of course refers of the author's own day.

The 20% flat tax was fair across the board for everybody; rich, poor, and middle
class alike-- no deductions and no exemptions.

Thank God Joseph was a man of integrity because the kind of power he wielded has
a way of tempting men to do some very greedy things; for example: enforcement
of the so-called law of supply and demand. Of one thing we can be pretty sure:
Pharaoh's approval rating no doubt broke all the records thanks to his selection of
Joseph to manage Egypt's affairs during a very serious national crisis.

● Gen 47:27-28 . . Now the Israelites settled in Egypt in the region of Goshen. They
acquired property there and were fruitful and increased greatly in number. Jacob
lived in Egypt seventeen years, and the years of his life were a hundred and forty
seven.

Jacob immigrated to Egypt when he was 130 (Gen 47:9) so he spent as many years
with Joseph at the last as he had at the first-- seventeen (cf. Gen 37:2). At this
point, the famine had been done and over for 12 years, since it was during the
second year of the seven-year famine that the people of Israel arrived. (Gen 45:11)

During those 12 years, and no doubt the other five too, Jacob's clan did very well
for themselves; so that they eventually became a political element to be reckoned
with (Ex 1:6-10). By the time of the Exodus, the Israelites numbered over 600,000
adults, not counting children. Israelites were accounted "children" until the age of
20 (Num 26:2). (Here in America, we let children of 18 vote for Presidents. Now
that's scary.)

It's interesting that another Pharaoh, in the future-- who would enslave them in the
book of Exodus --wasn't worried about the Israelites increasing to the point of
taking over his country, no, he was concerned they might up and leave it. What's
that saying? It's saying, that as a people, Jacob's clan were excellent, productive
citizens who accounted for a significant portion of Egypt's gross national product.

The palace itself benefited from their ranching skills (Gen 47:5). No doubt Hebrew
beef from the Nile delta became a highly sought commodity everywhere in Egypt.
Jacob's people not only maintained a fishing industry, but they farmed too (Num
11:5). And among them were experts in the construction trades (Ex 1:11) and in
every manner of skill and artifice (Ex 31:1-6, Ex 35:20-36:7).

That all tells me that the Israelites weren't freeloaders by any means. They were
hard workers who put their noses to the grindstone and contributed their fair share
to Egypt's prosperity just like today's legal Hispanic immigrants contribute their
own fair share to America's prosperity. In point of fact, if today's legal Hispanic
immigrants should all up and return to their native lands, America's economy would
really feel it. So is it really any wonder then why the US Government does all it can
to accommodate Hispanic immigrants; even the illegal ones?

● Gen 47:29a . . And when the time approached for Israel to die, he summoned his
son Joseph

Normally, the patriarchs would convene with a natural firstborn son for serious
family business, but that position was transferred to Joseph because of Reuben's
tryst with his father's concubine. (1Chrn 5:1)

NOTE: Israel is Jacob's spiritual name (Gen 32:28, Gen 35:10). God informed him
that he would no more be called Jacob, but God addressed him by his birth name
yet again in Gen 46:2, and spoke of Jacob by his birth name quite a few more times
throughout the Old Testament. There's a bit of a mystery attached to Jacob's two
names. They may, or maybe not, reflect his dual citizenship: one in the world of
men and one in the kingdom of God.

● Gen 47:29b . . and said unto him: If now I have found grace in thy sight,

The phrase "found grace in thy sight" seems to be a Genesis idiom for someone
disposed to do you a favor; e.g. Gen 6:8 where God singled out Noah to survive the
Flood.

● Gen 47:29c . . put your hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me.

This is the second, and last, place in Genesis where a hand was placed under a
patriarch's thigh during the making of a promise. The first was Gen 24:2-3, with
Abraham.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 47:29d-30a . . Do not bury me in Egypt, but when I rest with my fathers,
carry me out of Egypt and bury me where they are buried.

Jacob's statement underscores the fact that when people are gathered to their
ancestors, it doesn't necessarily indicate burial because Jacob's remains would be
stored in Egypt until such a time as he could be transported back to Canaan. So he
would already be at rest with his ancestors prior to actually being buried with them
later. (cf. Gen 49:33, Gen 50:3, and Gen 50:12-13)

When you think about it, choosing the location of one's burial site has no practical
advantages to speak of. Some people want to buried overlooking the sea or an
orchard. But do they themselves really get much of a view? No, they've gone on to
the netherworld; and their remains, being underground and quite without life or
eyesight, have only the inky blackness of a subterranean pit to view, if that.

So then, is there really any significance to Jacob's request? Yes, it means that Jacob
believed the land of Canaan was on his own property; rather than just the land of
his nativity. He wanted to be buried at home, rather than on foreign soil. God had
promised Jacob deed and title to that land back in chapter 35; and although he
never really possessed it in his own days, Jacob was confident that God was a man
of integrity who would eventually make good on His promises. The patriarchs were
amazingly patient. (Heb 11:13-16)

● Gen 47: 30b-31a . . He replied: I will do as you have spoken. And he said: Swear
to me. And he swore to him.

The Hebrew word for "swear" is basically a promise, guaranteed by repeating it
seven times. When God's name is dragged into the agreement, then it becomes a
sacred oath; e.g. Gen 24:2-3.

● Gen 47:31b . .Then Israel bowed at the head of the bed.

There's differences of opinion among the experts how best to interpret that verse;
but in context, it appears to me that Jacob has become bedridden, and is-- as best
he can for a man of his age and health --doing obeisance to Joseph as a courtesy in
the manner that Abraham did with the Hittites back in chapter 23. In other words;
Jacob lowered his eyes and nodded his head in a sort of salute; which, protocol
aside, was somewhat equal to saying: Okay then; we're good.

● Gen 48:1 . . Some time afterward, Joseph was told: Your father is ill. So he took
with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

The visit was probably just a comfort call; like visiting a friend or relative at the
hospital. I really don't think it was prompted by a fear that Jacob was going to die
at any moment. Joseph's boys apparently came on their own, rather than by
request, because it appears Jacob wasn't expecting them.

The boys by this time were young men, having been born during the seven years of
plenty, prior to the beginning of the seven years of famine (Gen 41:50). Jacob lived
in Egypt at least seventeen years prior to this current event (Gen 47:28), and
immigrated during the second year of the seven years of famine (Gen 45:6, Gen
45:11). So his grandsons Manasseh and Ephraim were both in their early twenties
by now.

● Gen 48:2 . .When Jacob was told "Your son Joseph has come to see you" Israel
gathered his strength and sat up in bed.

No greetings or social graces are recorded from this meeting; though they must
have occurred. Surely Jacob wouldn't just launch into a speech the moment his kin
walked through the door. How weird would that be; especially since Joseph was
Jacob's very favorite son? But Genesis skips over that part of the meeting, and
without even so much as hinting how the topic came up at this point in the visit;
just goes right to the meat of it.

The speech Jacob is going to make was probably one he had been rehearsing in his
mind for some time as he sensed the nearness of his impending death; which would
certainly serve to remind him that he was running out of time; so if he was ever
going to get these things off his chest, he better do it at the very next opportunity,
while he was able, because who really knows how many more opportunities one
might have left; especially when most of somebody's life has already been lived and
they're heading for the exit?

People often put off important things-- e.g. making out their will --till sudden death,
or the onset of dementia finally closes the door. Jacob had something important to
say about his two grandsons, so it was fortuitous that they came along with their
dad to visit grandpa that day.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 48:3a . . And Jacob said to Joseph: El Shaddai appeared to me at Luz

El Shaddai-- the deity who controls the laws of nature (cf. Col 1:17) -- is also
Jehovah because that's an appellation Genesis labels Him at Bethel. (Gen 28:13)
And an appellation Jacob labeled Him at the very same site. (Gen 28:16-20)

Luz is Bethel (Gen 28:10-19, Gen 35:6-7). That location was an especially sacred
site for Jacob because it was his very first personal encounter with God. You know,
hearing about God, and reading about God, and praying to God, just aren't the
same as a one-on-one with God--not the same at all. Head knowledge is one thing,
personal experience is quite another; yes quite, quite another. There's nothing like
an experience with God to set someone's faith in concrete.

● Gen 48:3b . . and He blessed me

At this point, Jacob paraphrases the essential elements of El Shaddai's Luz blessing,
with the exception of one element which I would esteem even more valuable than
the prosperity elements: God's ever-abiding patronage.

"Remember, I am with you: I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you
back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I have promised you."
(Gen 28:15)

● Gen 48:4 . . and said to me: I will make you fertile and numerous, making of you
a nation; and I will assign this land to your offspring to come for an everlasting
possession.

Although Israel's possession of Palestine is permanent, their occupation of it isn't,
as the Jews' past evictions have easily demonstrated.

Jacob's recap of the blessing omits a couple of items; one of which is that God also
assigned the land to Jacob himself, not only to his offspring (Gen 28:13) so when
God finally gets around to bringing the Jews back to their homeland, we can expect
He will resurrect Jacob to be with them in order to make good on that portion of the
blessing. (cf. Matt 8:11)

Exactly how Ephraim and Manasseh felt about the next two events isn't stated; nor
would they have had a say in it anyway as Jacob was the reigning patriarch at the
time. No one was higher among the people in that day. In point of fact, Jacob's
spiritual name Israel means "he will rule as God" so the olde boy was pretty high up
on the food chain.

● Gen 48:5-6 . . Now, your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt
before I came to you in Egypt, shall be mine; Ephraim and Manasseh shall be mine
no less than Reuben and Simeon. Progeny born to you after them shall be yours;
but they shall be recorded under the names of their brothers in their inheritance.

Jacob set a rather odd precedent by adopting his own two grandsons; thus
installing them in tribal positions equal in rank and privilege to his original sons;
and increasing the total number of his legit sons from twelve to fourteen.

* Mannaseh and Ephraim didn't bring the total number of the tribes of Israel up to
fourteen. They're actually half-tribes, i.e. two sub tribes composing the tribe of
Joseph.

Jacob's motive for adopting Manasseh and Ephraim was in sympathy for his beloved
Rachel being cut off during her child bearing years, which subsequently prevented
her from having any more children of her own.

● Gen 48:7 . . As I was returning from Paddan, to my sorrow Rachel died in the
land of Canaan while we were still on the way, a little distance from Ephrath. So I
buried her there beside the road to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).

Manasseh and Ephraim brought Rachel's grand total up to six, two boys of her own,
two by her maid Bilhah, and two by Joseph's wife Asenath.

That obscure bit of patriarchal preeminence has somehow lost acceptance by
modern Jewry as evidenced by its stubborn rejection of Jesus as a valid candidate
for David's throne on the basis that the boy was adopted into Solomon's line rather
than installed biologically.

However, according to 2Sam 7:16, 2Sam 23:5, Ps 89:4, and Ps 89:35-38, David
trumps Solomon just as Jacob trumped Joseph. In other words: though it was
essential that Jesus be David's biological progeny, it was not essential that he be
Solomon's just so long as he and Jesus are legal kin.

Though Jesus' primary mission was to go to the cross for his people's sins, his
ultimate purpose is to be their monarch. In that respect, the details of his
relationship to David and Solomon are extremely important.
_

 

[Odë:hgöd]

.
● Gen 48:8a . .When Israel . . .

At this point, Genesis switches from Jacob's earthly name to his God-given name;
viz: his spiritual name (Gen 32:28. Gen 35:10) probably because the first portion of
the interview was personal business while the second half will be conducted in
Jacob's official capacity as both patriarch and prophet. (Gen 25:23, Gen 49:1)

The Hebrew word for "prophet" basically means an inspired person of either gender.

People needn't be high powered prognosticators like Isaiah to be prophets. Anybody
whom God empowers with a degree of spiritual intuition is a prophet because
prophets aren't necessarily predictors of the future, nor revealers of sacred secrets,
but also just simply folk savvy in the knowledge of God: e.g. Abel (Luke 11:50-51)
Abraham (Gen 20:7) Moses (Deut 18:18) Miriam (Ex 15:20) Deborah (Judg 4:4)
and Huldah (2Kgs 22:14).

Where did they get that savvy? From seminary and yeshiva? From rabbis and
Sunday school teachers? No. From God's Spirit.

"Turn you at My reproof: behold: I will pour out My Spirit unto you, I will make
known My words unto you." (Prv 1:23)

It was Moses' wish that all of Moses' people were prophets. (Num 11:29)

In the future, they will. (Ezek 36:24-27)

● Gen 48:8b-10a . . saw the sons of Joseph, he asked: Who are these? Joseph said
to his father: They are the sons God has given me here. Then Israel said: Bring
them to me so I may bless them. Now Israel's eyes were failing because of old age,
and he could hardly see.

The leading cause of eyesight problems in older people is a condition known as
Macular Degeneration. The cone cells within the human eye work hard all our lives,
and when their waste products build up faster than the body can clear them, tiny
yellow spots can form around the fovea. As a person ages, those plaques, along
with leaky blood vessels, tend to interrupt normal rod and cone functioning.

When you add MD into the mix with cataracts, glaucoma, and stiffening of the lens,
then the victim is really in a bad state of affairs; and in Jacob's day, there was
absolutely nothing doctors could do about it.

I've heard young people say that old people are cute; and that's probably because
of the grandpa/grandma charisma connected with senior citizens. Well; let me tell
those youngsters something: aging is neither fun nor cute; no, not at all. The
process is a living death: it's cruel, it's disagreeable, and it's destructive.

Age disfigures our faces, puts bags under our eyes, diminishes our libido, thins our
hair, dulls our hearing, misshapes our figures, makes us smell, sags our flesh, adds
pounds where we don't want them, shrinks our muscles, stiffens our joints,
weakens our stomach, recedes our gums, robs of us vitality and stamina, makes us
look haggard, turns down the corners of our mouths giving us permanent frowns,
and seriously diminishes our quality of life as we slowly disintegrate like crumbling
infrastructure. The comedienne Joan Rivers once remarked that her best birth
control in old age is just to leave the lights on. Another effective birth control for
senior citizens is nudity.

It would be difficult to believe that Jacob didn't recognize his own grandsons; but
with failing eyesight, it's to be expected that he would require verbal authentication
of their identities before proceeding with the sacred business at hand.
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● Gen 48:10b-12 . . So Joseph brought his sons close to him, and his father kissed
them and embraced them. And Israel said to Joseph: I never expected to see you
again, and here God has let me see your children as well. Joseph then removed
them from his knees, and bowed low with his face to the ground.

I seriously doubt the boys were sitting on Jacob's knees since they were grown
men; but the wording suggests they had each taken a turn kneeling between
Jacob's knees so he could embrace them and then got up and stepped back to let
the other in. In the next sequence, the brothers likely knelt again, only this time
one on either side, so Jacob could reach the tops of both their heads from a sitting
position.

I'm guessing Joseph's bow was either a gesture of whole-hearted approval and/or
submission to Jacob's position as the supreme, God-appointed patriarch over
Moses' people for the time so that whatever Jacob says, goes, regardless of how
anybody else in the family, including Joseph, might feel about it.

Would to God the elderly were treated with such respect nowadays. One of my
favorite movie lines is from "Moonstruck" starring Cher and Nicolas Cage wherein
the grandpa makes this statement at the breakfast table one morning prior to
offering his son a father's advice. "I am old; and the old are not wanted. And if they
say it, they have no weight."

In other words: the typical young person really doesn't care too much for an elderly
person's opinions; nor even for their feelings.

● Gen 48:13-14 . . And Joseph took both of them, Ephraim on his right toward
Israel's left hand and Manasseh on his left toward Israel's right hand, and brought
them close to him. But Israel reached out his right hand and put it on Ephraim's
head, though he was the younger, and crossing his arms, he put his left hand on
Manasseh's head, even though Manasseh was the firstborn.

Jacob's inspired intuition guided his hands to the boy God wanted to have the
seniority in spite of the natural dictates of primogeniture.

● Gen 48:15a . .Then he blessed Joseph

All three men there that day were "Joseph" so the blessing wasn't really directed to
Mr. Joseph himself alone, rather, to his tribe as a corporate body.

● Gen 48:15b . . saying: The god in whose ways my fathers Abraham and Isaac
walked, the god who has been my shepherd from my birth to this day--

On the surface it might appear that the Almighty was Jacob's shepherd beginning at
chapter 28, when he was on the lamb from Esau; but in truth, the Almighty was
Jacob's shepherd from day one, beginning with Rachel's pregnancy in chapter 25
when God decreed the elder would serve the younger.

That's an interesting note; because it indicates that the Almighty foreknew each
and every human being who would value spiritual things; and from eternity, he
began making sure they survived any and all misfortune in order to take advantage
of His salvation. (cf. Eph 1:4-5)

● Gen 48:16a . .The Angel

Jacob was very likely speaking of the celestial being that he encountered during his
first night away from home at Gen 28:11-15.

● Gen 48:16b . . who has redeemed me from all evil--

The word "redemption" is often associated with the wrath of God; but it primarily
means to rescue, spare, and/or provide for and protect. (e.g. Gen 38:6-10, Lev
25:25, Lev 25:47-49, and Ruth 3:1-4:12) Well; Jacob's experiences sure do tell us
a few things about God's providence.
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● Gen 48:16c . . may He bless the lads.

Jacob himself was blessed by The Angel in Gen 32:24-29.

Webster's defines "bless" as 1) to speak well of; viz: approve, 2) to confer
prosperity or happiness upon, 3) to protect, to preserve, 4) to endow, and 5) to
favor.

I suppose there's a middle ground somewhere between blessing and cursing, which
could probably be labeled a zone of indifference: but in regards to God, indifference
is dangerously close to a curse because where there's indifference, there's no
blessing. Some might consider indifference a blessing in itself, but personally I
would far rather be blessed than ignored. To be ignored is to be neglected, and in
regards to matters of eternal consequence; that can't be a good thing.

● Gen 48:16d . . And may my name live on in them, and the names of my fathers
Abraham and Isaac;

Jacob certainly got his wish. The Israelites have survived some pretty extreme
genocidal attempts on their existence, but they're still here, and in them, the
names of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob have remained famous; and a perpetual
reminder of the Bible's God.

What is the purpose of Moses' people anyway? To chafe and annoy the world with
their arrogance and their superiority complexes and their famous master-race
mentality? No, they hold the distinction of being the one political body on earth
who's sacred duty is to prevent the knowledge of God from becoming lost forever;
a virtual human depository of divine revelation.

"Moses was in the assembly in the desert, with The Angel who spoke to him on
Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; and he received living words to pass on to us."
(Acts 7:38)

"the Jews were entrusted with the whole revelation of God." (Rom 3:2)

What Jacob conferred upon Manasseh and Ephraim wasn't just the dubious fortune
to be identified with the world's most famous patriarchs, but rather, the solemn
duty of perpetuating the patriarchs' religion too. That's a heavy responsibility; one
that Esau himself scoffed, and finally traded for a temporary pleasure.

Identification with Israel is not something to brag about; rather, it's something to
be frightened about.

"Hear this word, O people of Israel, that Yhvh has spoken concerning you,
concerning the whole family that I brought up from the land of Egypt: You alone
have I singled out of all the families of the earth-- that is why I will call you to
account for all your iniquities." (Amos 3:1-2)

In other words; people called to an association with the Bible's God are held to a
higher standard than outsiders.

● Gen 48:16e . . And may they grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

The Hebrew word for "grow" is dagah (daw-gaw'); which means to spawn.

Webster's defines "spawn" as: to produce young; especially in large numbers.

Curiously, this one verse is the only instance in the entire Old Testament where
dagah appears.

Increasing by spawning is quite a bit different than increasing by other means like
adoption or naturalizing; so the blessing of spawning that Jacob conferred upon the
two men is somewhat similar to the blessing of fertility that God conferred upon
Adam and his wife at the very beginning. (Gen 1:27-28)

Being fruitful just means being fertile, but doesn't automatically imply generating a
multitude, whereas spawning implies both fertility and massive numbers of
offspring together. As an example of the proliferation implied by spawning; Coho
salmon lay an average of 3,096 eggs per fish in just one run upriver.
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● Gen 48:17-19a . .When Joseph saw that his father was placing his right hand on
Ephraim's head, he thought it an error; so he took hold of his father's hand to move
it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's. Not so, Father; Joseph said to his father; for
the other is the firstborn; place your right hand on his head. But his father
objected, saying: I know, my son, I know.

Joseph himself was an inspired man; so you'd think he'd instantly perceive that
Jacob's prioritizing Ephraim over Manasseh was from God; but didn't. That's
curious, and tells me that inspired people aren't always 100% inspired all the time.
Inspiration is, after all, a Divine prerogative rather than a personal talent. God is
under no one's beck and call; and inspired people are able to understand certain
things only as God himself decides when, where, and how to get in their heads and
clear things up.

For example according to 1John 2:26-27 all believers are endowed with a special
anointing that enables them to grasp God's thoughts; but does that mean they can
get by on their own without Spirit-empowered Bible teachers? No. It's via Spirit
empowered Bible teachers that God communicates His thoughts (Eph 4:11-15). A
Bible teacher can quote the Bible, and he can explain the Bible, but he cannot get
thru to the very core of your being the way God can.

● Gen 48:19b . . He too shall become a people, and he too shall be great. Yet his
younger brother shall be greater than he, and his offspring shall be plentiful enough
for nations.

This is now the third instance in Genesis where the right of the firstborn is seen
transferred to a younger sibling. The first instance was Jacob and Esau, and the
second was Joseph and Reuben. The important lesson to be learned from this is
that in the Bible, the male born first isn't eo ipso the firstborn. That may seem
trivial but when its applied to Christ, it's a really big deal.

"He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation." (Col 1:14-15)

Was Christ the first human born in all creation? No; Adam was; and there was a
time when Adam was the creation's senior patriarch; but not any more. That honor
has been transferred to Christ so that there is not a man on earth superior to that
one. (Dan 7:13-14, Matt 28:18, Phil 2:9-11)

● Gen 48:20-22 . . So he blessed them that day, saying: By you shall Israel invoke
blessings, saying: God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh. Thus he put Ephraim
before Manasseh. Then Israel said to Joseph: I am about to die; but God will be
with you and bring you back to the land of your fathers. And now, I assign to you
one portion more than to your brothers, which I wrested from the Amorites with my
sword and bow.

There exists no specific Biblical record of Jacob's own personal conquest of
Canaanite peoples; so what Jacob is doing here is apparently predicting Joshua's
conquest of Canaan as something so certain to take place that he could speak of it
as an historical fact already accomplished; similar to the manner in which the
apostle John reported many of his visions in the book of Revelation as having taken
place as he watched them.

Jacob was an inspired man, so it shouldn't surprise anyone if he was permitted a
vision of his offspring's future successes in Palestine. Whatever Joshua was to
conquer in later years, would certainly be credited to Jacob's sword and bow just as
surely as if he'd been there and led the attacks himself because it was his own
blood kin who eventually did all of it, which would be in keeping with his prediction
that "God will be with you and bring you back to the land of your fathers."

Joseph's body returned to the land as a mummy. But the prediction is a reality:
Joseph will return to the land some day, not just to be buried, but to take up
residence. (Ezek 37:1-14, Dan 12:1-2, Heb 11:8-16)

The "one portion more than to your brothers" was in keeping with the custom of the
firstborn son inheriting a double portion of his father's estate.
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● Gen 49:1-4 . . And Jacob summoned his sons and said: Come together that I may
tell you what is to befall you in days to come. Assemble and hearken, O sons of
Jacob; hearken to Israel your father:

. . . Reuben, you are my first-born, my might and first fruit of my vigor, exceeding
in rank and exceeding in honor. Unstable as water, you shall excel no longer; for
when you mounted your father's bed, you brought disgrace-- my couch he
mounted!

Reuben was a reckless, impetuous individual ruled by the passions and impulses of
human nature rather than better judgment. Compare Isa 57:20 where the ocean is
depicted subject to the forces of nature rather than under its own control.

The affair to which Jacob referred occurred in Gen 35:22. Even today in modern
industrial societies, it is not only unthinkable for a man to sleep with one of his
father's wives; but even with one of his girlfriends. True, Bilhah and Jacob weren't
officially married but still, she was the legal mother of two Israeli tribal heads: Dan
and Naphtali.

Because of his illicit tryst, Reuben lost the firstborn's position (1Chrn 5:1)
demonstrating once again that the biblical rank of firstborn isn't restricted to the
son born first, but is a transferable status that can be bestowed upon a younger
male sibling.

● Gen 49:5 . . Simeon and Levi are a pair; their weapons are tools of lawlessness.

With Rueben demoted, Simeon would have been next in primogeniture, and after
him; Levi. But the two men are alike as peas in a pod and brothers in arms--
they're both criminals who simply cannot be trusted to conduct themselves in a
manner befitting the honor and the dignity properly associated with the position of
Israel's firstborn. If Reuben was water, then Simeon and Levi are leaky boats with
no oars, no sail, no rudder, and no compass.

Ironically, Levi produced Aaron, Israel's line of high priests; and the whole tribe of
Levi is exempt from war though they were sired by a bloody man. It would appear
then, that the office of Israel's firstborn is far more sacred than any of the Levitical
priests, including the Aaronic category.

NOTE: Moses descended from Levi. (Ex 2:1-10)

● Gen 49:6a . . Let not my person be included in their council, let not my being be
counted in their assembly.

Simeon and Levi were not the kind of people from whom a sensible person would
deem it wise to seek advice and counsel. In other words; they were a bad
influence, i.e. toxic.

Jacob's initial reaction to the murders committed by two of his eldest sons back in
chapter 34 was one of concern for his family's safety, and the effect the deed had
upon his reputation in those parts. Not till now does he excoriate the two men for
their conduct; and the denunciation is severe.

● Gen 49:6c . . For when angry they slay men, and when pleased they maim oxen.

Simeon and Levi not only committed premeditated murders; but also took
satisfaction in cruelty to animals. People like that always justify their cruelty by
saying they're teaching the animal a lesson and/or breaking it of a bad habit. But in
their case it's a lie. They're just heartless and violent; that's all.

One could almost excuse Cain for murdering his kid brother in a fit of rage because
in his day there were no divine prohibitions against murder and/or manslaughter.
But Simeon and Levi had no excuse. They didn't act upon a sudden provocation,
and both of those men knew full well God prohibited murder and manslaughter
because they lived many years after grandpa Noah came off the ark. (cf. Gen 9:5-6)

By all rights, Jacob should have had those two sons of his executed for what they
did back in Shechem; but like they say: blood is thicker than water. Jacob let them
get away with murder because they're kin, which is the sin of partiality; defined by
Webster's as inclined to favor one party over another; viz: bias.
_